Burj Khalifa free essay sample

How does Burj Khalifa play as a monument and a center piece for the Downtown Dubai? And what is the role of Downtown Dubai in making United Arab Emirates as the center of economy and tourism around the world? 2. 1 Burj Khalifa as a Part of Downtown Dubai: What is Downtown Dubai? According to Mohamed Alabbar, chairman of Emaar, downtown Dubai present a unique blend of urban lifestyle backed with luxury that forms the key aspect of modern Dubai. Downtown Dubai was constructed at the time when the world was suffering from a financial crisis and Dubai was heavily into debts. As a result of financial crisis the deadline for the completion of the project was missed once but Dubai made a remarkable recovery to complete the project on its second deadline. Burj Khalifa is surely a symbol of success, the way it has managed to handle the tough times and come out strong to stand tall. We will write a custom essay sample on Burj Khalifa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Burj Khalifa is not confined to hotels only but it is a center for commerce, apartments, malls and corporate offices. Downtown Dubai initially known as Downtown Burj Dubai is a man made complex for the purpose of mixed use. It is one of the major developmental programs undertaken in Dubai. It is a widespread complex including some of the major landmarks namely Burj Khalifa, Burj Khalifa Apartments, Dubai fountain and Dubai mall. Downtown Dubai covers a vast area of 2 square kilometers, making it one of the best complexes in the world. The project cost is enormous and the actual cost sore up to $20 billion. Downtown Dubai is surely a place that catches the glimpse of every eye. The Downtown Dubai is on Sheikh Zayed road along Al Wasal locality on the north western part. The construction of Burj Khalifa Apartments is made in a way that it is connected to the business bay in the south, and financial centre road in the north east thus separating from Zabeel 2 and Trade center 2. The location of the Downtown Dubai was of prime importance at the time of construction. It was made in such a way so that reaching the most developed part of Dubai would not be a problem. It is also connected to Dubai metro through Burj Khalifa metro station. The developmental process was mostly divided into 11 portions of which Burj Khalifa Apartments was the most integral part. Building up of Downtown Dubai was a strategic decision on the part of Dubai’s economy. Dubai is well known for its oil reserve and most of their revenue is being generated from the oil plants. But with economies round the world making a radical change Dubai’s government made a conscious effort to diversify the economy and allow free trade of various commodities and aspect of tourism was of utmost priority. There was a time share of oil revenue feel in their GDP and that was the time when construction of the world’s tallest tower Burj Khalifa bore them the fruit. 3. The concrete pressure during pumping to this level was nearly 200 bars. The amount of rebar used for the tower is 31,400 metric tons laid end to end this would extend over a quarter of the way around the world. 3. 4 Structure and Features According to http://burj-khalifa. eu/the-tower, a tourism website, there is a 304 room  Armani Hotel, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors. The hotel was supposed to open on 18 March 2010  but after several delays the hotel finally opened the public on 27 April 2010.

Studying Abroad â€

Studying Abroad – Free Online Research Papers Great deals of countries such as America, England, Australia and China have attracted a large number of students from all over the world. This essay will argue that the choice of such study is excellent. This is because students will usually stay in a pure English environment, they will get an eye-opening experience, they will receive more advanced educations and finally they will obtain better treatments by employers in their homeland after graduation. To begin with, the overseas students will be surrounded by a real environment of a foreign language. It can help them to improve their foreign language skills which are the first step of living abroad. As a result, studying abroad can lay a firm foundation for a foreign language. Secondly, studying overseas will widen their eyes to the whole world. It can help the students comprehend cultures, customs, thinking modes and ways of behavior which are quiet different from their home countries. It is a key diathesis which is essential for the labor career in the future. Furthermore, such students will contact a plenty of advanced educations from the whole world. It means they can grasp the greatest technologies, ideas and capabilities. A spokesman for the ministry said that by using the advanced technologies and administration methods of overseas students, the national economy and society have a rapid development (Overseas study spells success 2007). This kind of benefits even can give their country- education some assistance. As will be readily seen, study-overseas not only can make them professional, but also let them contribute to their countries. Lastly, international students will receive some particular opportunities from their home countries after graduation. It is no other than their desire. Listing a study abroad experience on your resume can also enhance your chances for job success. Now, some countries are seeking for this kind of people indeed, such as China. Zhou report that China is badly in need of international students who can assist the development of economic and society, especially to promote the construction of XiaoKang society Obviously, international students have superiority in the aspect of finding jobs; they have more opportunities to receive better jobs than others as well. To sum up, it appears obvious that the benefits of studying overseas far outweigh the problems. Overseas students will live in good language surroundings, they will broaden eye-reach, they can learn advanced knowledge and finally such students will hold larger development space in their home countries. Ministries of educations of all countries have responsibilities to encourage more students going abroad and making contribution to communications between different states. Research Papers on Studying Abroad -Standardized TestingDefinition of Export QuotasPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic Engineering

Challenges in Teaching Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenges in Teaching Culture - Research Paper Example That said, any study that forms a conduit by which interdisciplinary coherence may be built has potential, but in the end, it is only in its failing that component hypotheses coalesce into bigger and better ways of looking at things. As such, when a system of knowledge emerges that allows for a more elegant explanation of a wider range of data, the obsolete understanding has reached its maximum value. 2- The historical moment in which we are now living is widely taken to be the start of a new era. How this attaches to millennial fantasies and to old-fashioned fin de sicle patterns of cultural production remains to be seen. Make no mistake; nearly every generation sees itself at one time or another as the generation especial. Doomsday prophets have forever propagated their beliefs attenuated to this confirmatory bias. Just because our year 2000 has passed, does not mean it's not over yet. After all, the Mayan calendar implies an end in 2012, and if that does not work, I'm sure we'll think of some other way to scare ourselves about our impending extinction. The gestalt of any period is built upon the gestalt of their predecessors just as that of their successors are built upon theirs. Time does not appear to be cyclical, and history is the study of human psychology over time. Since people die and are not known to reincarnate en masse with the same mind, history cannot repeat itself.

Strategic Management of Harley-Davidson Research Paper

Strategic Management of Harley-Davidson - Research Paper Example Notably, the company is a US based multinational which specializes on motorcycles. The company was established in the year 1903 and is recognized to possess a strong competitive stance in the current market scenario of the 21st century (Harley-Davidson, â€Å"History†). Based on this thought, the essay shall conclusively intend to identify the major opportunities and threats existing in the US market and the strengths as well as weaknesses possessed by the company. 2.0 The External Environment 2.1 Factors of the Natural Physical Environment Affecting the Corporation and the Industry The components belonging to the natural physical environment of the USA, which affect Harley-Davidson and the motor vehicle industry, can be identified as the energy sources and the trend in its consumption and pricing. The energy sources existing in the US natural physical environment are bioenergy, fossil fuel, coal, hydrogen, hydropower, oil, solar, wind, geothermal and others. It is worth menti oning in this context that the economy maintains a strategic reserve of fuels in order to face the future challenges. This provides the company and the industry with the opportunity of minimized threats in terms of lacuna in energy efficiency of the economy and increasing prices of the fuel which in turn can hamper the future prospects of the company and the industry as a whole. On the contrary, it also raises the future threat of stringent legal barriers and increased tax rates due to the reduction in the level of reserve (U.S. Department of Energy, â€Å"Strategic Petroleum Reserve Annual Report for Calendar Year 2009†). 2.2 General Environmental Forces Affecting the Corporation and the Industry US economy is observed to be at its recovery stage, after being strongly affected by the recent global recession. The GDP rate is growing moderately with an increase in the unemployment rate. This in turn is expected to reduce the consumer purchase rate and thus prove to be a signif icant threat for the company and the industry in the current phenomenon (The Economic Times, â€Å"US Economy Grows 1.8% In Q1, Jobless Claims Rise†). However, political reforms can be recognized to provide with significant opportunities with facilitated investment in the technology sector (U.S. Census Bureau, â€Å"Science and Technology†). With the growing influence of the climate change and other environmental hazards, the US economy has undertaken several strategic measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by the motor vehicle industry. The measures include strict legal barriers under the regulatory bodies such as, National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), Clean Air Act (1970) and others (United States Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"Automotive Repair and Maintenance Sectors (NAICS 8111)†; Natural Resources Defense Council, â€Å"U.S. Environmental Laws†).

Animation Movie Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animation Movie Music - Essay Example Animation music plays a significant role in today’s modern world, but its roots date back to the silent film era which was the birth of its original conception. According to the Goldmark, a few of the cartoons might have had â€Å"specials scores† which were given to the theaters. In a 1923 periodical titled ‘Motion Picture News’ there was a suggestion from the Pathe home Office who issued in a printed statement that, "Jazz music goes well with Aesop's Fables. That's the conclusion reached after a number of tests, and consequently hereafter Pathe, the distributor of these subjects, will furnish musical effects sheets to each distributor booking one of these cartoons." In the 1930s, animation music was not very highly appreciated and derogatory remarks such as â€Å"Mickey mousing† a term that was used in a derogatory manner by David O. Seiznick when he compared a score by Max Steiner to that of a Mickey mouse cartoon which implied that the score was extremely simplistic and the happenings in the scene could be easily guessed. However, it was Carl Stalling who made the greatest impact in the arena of animation music. He made use of contemporary songs as film music. Stalling got hooked to movies after watching â€Å"The Great Train Robbery.† By 1904, in Lexington, Missouri, he started playing the piano during the changing of the reel at the local movie theatre.

Diversity in Gender and Governance

Diversity in Gender and Governance Tuan Pham   Anh Quynh Nguyen INTRODUCTION In the past, women could only be at home and do the household chores while the majority of men went to work. They did not have the rights to work. However, this orthodox view has been changed. In todays society, more and more women are going to work than ever before. The figures from Statistics Canada (2017) show that more than 9 million women in Canada have jobs at the end of 2016. As it can be seen, the number of females in the labor force increased substantially. Not only do women work as employees but they are also employers as well. They hold many important positions in companies such as chiefs, managers, members or the chairman of boards. In Canada, women hold 21.6% of board seats in the Financial Post 500 in 2016 (Catalyst, 2017). According to Catalysts research, it shows that the percentage of women directors in many developed countries has been increasing significantly. For example, in Australia, it represents 23.4% of women on boards in June 2016, which almost tripled than that of 2009. Growth in the number of women allows companies to grow faster and become more successful. As a business student, we are interested in the contributions of women to the economy. They play an important role in developing the firm values. Dr. Mijntje Lu ¨ckerath-Rovers (2011) has investigated that enterprises with female managers run better than those with men only. Moreover, women can bring their unique skills, which male counterparts cannot, to diversify a wide range of the boards expertise (Kim and Starks, 2016, p. 270). They suggest that diversity in gender enhance higher firm values. Even though society makes an endeavor to fight for gender equality, there is no sign that this controversial issue will disappear. In this paper, we provide more in-depth evidence that the presence of women on boards develops companies performance actively and effectively based on personal research and surveys. We will also answer one of the fundamental questions: Will gender dive rsity be encouraged in the future? How would it change: in a good way or bad way? DEFINITION The Dictionary of Business in 1996 (as cited in Walt and Ingley, 2003, p. 219) indicates that diversity in boards is a mix of human capital, where human capital is represented as the skills and knowledge absorbed by a person through the process of learning and experience. In the context of governance, diversity is described as the composition of the board and the combination of the different qualities, characteristics and expertise of the individual members in relation to decision-making and other processes within the board (Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, 2011, p. 493). Therefore, one of the aspects of diversity is gender on boards. This paper only focuses on gender diversity for several factors. First, gender diversity is one of the major topics which has been fiercely debated for a long time. Secondly, gender is the most easy distinguished demographic characteristic compared with age, nationality, education or cultural background (Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, 2011, p. 493). Eventually, our research aims to show that diversity in gender makes all the difference in firm performance. BACKGROUND According to a 2017 statistical analysis conducted by Statistics Canada, among women in the labour force, approximately 94% of them are employed (full-time and part-time). This proves that the labour force changed rapidly and there are more rights for women than ever before. European countries now appear to take the lead in the number of women directors (Catalyst, 2017). This survey also shows that many countries, such as Norway, Iceland, Finland and Sweden, are using quotas and setting targets to expanding the number of women on boards. However, in some Asian countries, there are only a tiny number of female directors. Catalysts research series, The Bottom Line, indicates that the more women on boards a company has, the better financial results they receive.   For example, Companies with the most women board directors had 16% higher Return on Sales (ROS) than those with the least, and 26% higher Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) (Catalyst, 2017). WOMENS CONTRIBUTIONS TO CORPORATE BOARDS According to the research in 2013 on gender diversity in SP 1500, which is a stock market index of US stocks made by Standard Poors, about a quarter of its firms still have no female directors. With data from the ISS RiskMetrics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, other smaller firms include SP 600 SmallCap, SP 400 MidCap, and SP 500 indices, the proportion of women on their boards just makes up by a small percentage (only 37%, 21% and 7% respectively have no women on their boards). However, surveys report that women are rated higher than men on the emerging leadership qualities of many aspects. As reported by the 2009 SEC Final Rule No. 33-9089 Proxy Disclosure Enhancements, there are in total 16 functional types recommended as critical skills: Financial, Mergers and Acquisitions, Accounting, International, Operations Technology, Marketing, Risk Management, Human Resources, Research and Development, Sustainability, Corporate Governance, Regulatory/Legal/Compliance, Political/Govern ment, Strategy and Leadership. Results show that adding women directors can enlarge diversity in corporate boards. Women are found to possess more uncommon expertise than men, which are four out of five least reported board skills (Research and Development, Human Resources, Risk Management, Sustainability, and Political Government). This shows that female directors can contribute both unique skills and expertise that are currently in distinction in the corporate boards, which can develop the heterogeneity of board skills. As a result, women directors can increase the value in corporate boards and enhance boards advisory effectiveness by adding these skills. Gender diversity is therefore related to higher firm value, and better director heterogeneity of expertise can increase the development in corporate boards.    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AS DIRECTORS Although some studies have found that men and women as directors and leaders do not differ in the way of thinking, orienting tasks and other people, women actually learn how to be a leader more easily than men. The reason for which is that girls are likely to be raised with a more egalitarian way than boys, this could affect the way they participate in their life. Also, as stated above, women have more unique skills than men, which translates into their relatively greater use of participative leader style. Another reason could be that gender stereotypes have somewhat affect female leaders to be more competitive in firms. They would care more about follower expectations and be more interested in complying with it. There are differences between men and women as both board directors and top leaders. As top leaders, men and women tend to have no difference in ages and qualifications. Nevertheless, female directors are more independent due to their better multi-directorships. According to research in Norway, 45% of female directors and 37% of male directors are outsiders. While female directors with an average age of 47.16 years and an average of 1.63 qualifications, male directors hold only average 52.7 years have 1.18 qualifications (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 456). The result shows that women are not only younger but also more educated than their male colleagues. It also reports that one female director in firm has 10 qualifications in average, while that number of other directors is just 3. Men as directors do not have as many resources through serving multiple boards as women, and are less likely to be outsiders than women. Female directors are reported to be younger and have more qualification s than male directors, while there is no significant difference between male and female as CEOs in some specific aspects such as age, qualifications and experience within the boardrooms and the corporations. The gender gaps and the differences between female and male leaders and directors are also affected by gender quota. As stated in www.wikigender.org, gender quotas are used to create equal representation among gender within legislation contribute to the promotion of gender equality, and ease the access of women into positions of government. Gender quotas were first introduced in some public sector entities in the 1980s and were extended in 2003 under legislation requiring at least 40% of women on boards of public limited companies (known as ASA), inter-municipal and state-owned enterprises (Sorsa, 2016). The enactment of the mandatory gender quota became one of the researchers studies since its introduction in Norway in 2005 (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451). According to Ahern and Dittmars report in 2011, even though the increasing number of women was found to boost the boards strategy and effectiveness, this has led to the surge in the number of inexperienced women in corporate boards , which could damage the firms performance. However, Matsa and Miller (2011) found that there are positive effects of gender quota on firms, especially on the reductions of workforce and the rise in relative labor costs, compared with a matched sample in Scandinavia countries without gender quotas. The outcome shows that the gender quota in Norway created only a few experienced women as top leaders on their boards based on a number of proxies for influence, such as leadership and multi directorships, though this country has been increasing a large number of women in their firms (Seierstad and Opsahl, 2011). Despite the fact that there are no specific differences between the way women and men lead, gender diversity is still an important factor on boards and it may influence female directors contributions to board decision-making processes (Nielsenand and Huse, 2010). At the same time while having a female leader in the boardroom can make female directors easier to feel comfortable about expressing their opinions, male leaders show respect and openness towards views raised by women (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451). They also report that female leaders not only enhance the effectiveness of board decision making but also benefit the operation of the organization. Female board chairs had more qualifications than their male counterparts during the pre-quota period, but this difference vanished after the gender quota had been enacted. This shows that female and male board chairs have similar levels of interlocks and are equally like to be foreigners (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451) during the post -quota period. However, compared the pre- with the post-quota period, female board chairs seem to be more likely to have independent qualifications, more experience and less board interlocks, while male board chairs are older and more experienced after the full compliance of the gender quota in 2008. The average tenure of female board chairs in the pre-quota period, which is 2.04, is significantly lower than the one in the post-quota period (2.98), and female board chairs are more likely to be foreigners in both periods (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 451). This shows that Norwegian firms have talented female top leaders locally, not importing them from other countries. Results shown in these tables indicate that female directors are likely to be more independent and younger and have more qualifications than their male counterparts. Differences in independence status, age and qualifications between men and women as directors did not change after the full compliance in Norway in 2008. Women in the post-quota period are more experienced, have more board interlocks and are more likely to be foreigners than those in the pre-quota period, while male directors seem to be more independent in the pre-quota period than in the post-quota period. The differences between male and female directors also result from gender quota. After the legislation for gender quota in Norway was enacted in December 2005, the Norwegian seemed to be under the pressure of hiring more female directors and therefore it resulted in the large number of inexperienced and low-educated female directors in corporate boards. Figures in Table 2 indicate that the average number of females qualifications decreased than that of male directors. This means that the female directors in sample firms need to have a wider range of qualifications to achieve the fixed gender quota. The effects of gender quota on characteristics of directors in Norwegian firms have reflected that there was no difference between male and female directors, with respect to independence, age and qualification in 2001 and in 2010 (which was 5 years before and after the enforcement of gender quota). However, the differences in age and qualifications seemed to have widened over the period fr om 2003 to 2005, while that in independence seemed to be narrowed over the same period. Firms may have recruited younger but less independent female directors with more qualifications when they had the choice of voluntarily increasing the number of female directors on their boards. Therefore, age and qualifications somewhat have contributed to help corporate governance because the newly nominated female directors would have lacked the experience and independence to monitor firm management well (Wang and Kelan, 2012, p. 460). CONCLUSION With gender equality, having females on boards is an indisputable fact. The heterogeneity among companies is related to higher firm value. The profits women can make for companies are much higher than those without women on boards. We can see that the relationship between gender diversity and governance are likely to be positive. There are several journals, articles and research that show the contributions of women to developing firm value. However, diversity in gender on boards has both positive and negative effects on governance. The question of the relationship between gender diverse boards and firm value has generated considerable debate as well as analyses with conflicting findings and conclusions (Kim and Starks, 2016, p. 270). For example, the impact on decision-making and financial performance related to gender diversity is complex because there are other factors that affect the firms conduct. Moreover, getting companies to commit and change their perceptions would be no easy task. In many countries, their thoughts have not changed since feudalism. For instance, it is difficult to put up with the presence of female directors in Asian companies. They think that having women on boards can waste their money, which leads to a reduction of their productivity because of several reasons: maternity leave, lower retirement age, etc. From our study, we emphasize the mechanism through which director heterogeneity improves firm performance. More female directors on boards can make female employees dedicate themselves to work and improve the performance of the firms (Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, 2011, p. 507). She also proves that companies are more successful in making use of the whole talent pool for competent directors instead of only half of the talent pool. As a consequence, the increase or decrease in the firm value depends on companies choices. REFERENCES Adams, R. B., Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the Boardroom and Their Impact on Governance and Performance. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1107721 Ahern, K. R., Dittmar, A. K. (2011). The Changing of the Boards: The Impact on Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1364470 Catalyst (2017). Quick Take: Women on Corporate Boards Globally. Retrieved from http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/women-corporate-boards-globally Kim, D., Starks, L. T. (2016). Gender Diversity on Corporate Boards: Do Women Contribute Unique Skills? American Economic Review, 106(5), 267-271. doi:10.1257/aer.p20161032 Là ¼ckerath-Rovers, M. (2011). Women on boards and firm performance. Journal of Management Governance, 17(2), 491-509. doi:10.1007/s10997-011-9186-1 Matsa, D. A., Miller, A. R. (2011). A Female Style in Corporate Leadership? Evidence from Quotas. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1636047 Sorsa, P. (2016). Gender quotas for corporate boards do they work? Lessons from Norway. Retrieved from https://oecdecoscope.wordpress.com/2016/03/08/gender-quotas-for-corporate-boards-do-they-work-lessons-from-norway/ Statistics Canada (2017). Full-time and part-time employment by sex and age group. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/labor05-eng.htm Statistics Canada (2017). Labour force characteristics by sex and age group. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/labor05-eng.htm Walt, N., Ingley, C. (2003). Board Dynamics and the Influence of Professional Background, Gender and Ethnic Diversity of Directors. Corporate Governance, 11(3), 218-234. doi:10.1111/1467-8683.00320 Wang, M., Kelan, E. (2012). The Gender Quota and Female Leadership: Effects of the Norwegian Gender Quota on Board Chairs and CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 117(3), 449-466. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1546-5 Wikigender. (n.d.). Debate on Gender Quotas. Retrieved from http://www.wikigender.org/wiki/debate-on-gender-quotas/

Chinese Communist Party Essay

Throughout the countries early history, a series of dynasties ruled larger and larger territories to what has now become known as the People’s Republic of China. All through the 19th century China faced European powers that were militarily stronger than they were. The humiliation brought on by the imperialist powers during the previous century sparked an early revolution in the 20th century against the dynastic regime that had ruled for so long. By 1911 the revolutionist won the battle and the first elected president (Yuan Shikai) of the Republic of China was named thereby putting an end to the monarchies that had ruled for so long. Although officially titled the Republic of China, it wasn’t truly a republic until 1949. In 1948 the prevailing Chinese Communist Party (CCP) defeated the then ruling Nationalist Party. The current government was established in October 1949 after CCP chairman Mao Zedong declared the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This effectively brought an end to Western imperialist involvement in China because the communist government set up a one-party state that was to be ruled by the CCP. Under Zedong’s leadership, China began down the long road of economic recovery. In 1953, with the assistance of the Soviet model of central planning, the Communist set forth a series of Five-Year Plans to dramatically reorganize essentially all aspects of Chinese life. This involved a focus on the development of basic heavy industry, a progressive socialization of Chinese agriculture and the suppression of non-communist ideals within the country’s religion, press and schools. Although the plan reduced inflation, restored communications and reestablished domestic order, the Chinese began to back off from their original dedication to heavy industry, which was a mainstay of the Soviet model. By the end of the 1950’s China began to focus on the agricultural sector again and eventually broke their ties with the Soviets in 1960. In 1966 Zedong launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which was a back-to-the-basics movement. The intentions with the Cultural Revolution were to stamp out the heavy industrialization and the â€Å"bourgeois† ideas and customs presented with the Soviet’s central planning model. The movement lasted for a decade and severely set back China’s economy. China’s foreign relations were strained early on in the Cultural Revolution; although, in 1970 things began to take a turn for the better. By 1971 the United Nation’s China seat that had been held by the nationalist government of Taiwan, was given to the People’s Republic of China. In 1976 after Zedong’s death, a group of old-guard radicals known as the Gang of Four were arrested and charged with the crimes of the Cultural Revolution thereby signifying the formal conclusion of the crusade and a new beginning for China’s economy. By 1978 moderate reformer Deng Xiaoping obtained control of the Chinese government after being removed from the vice premier public office by the Gang of Four in 1976. This marked a significant turnaround for China because Xiaoping believed in the idea of alleviating poverty via economic development. He led the economic reform with a simple slogan that promoted the â€Å"Four Modernizations† of agriculture, industry, technology and national defense. Xiaoping backed up his ideals by initiating a reform of the old communal agricultural system. The reform promoted land privatization and gave an incentive for people to work efficiently and sell their surplus. In addition he rejuvenated the military academies that had been neglected during the Cultural Revolution and he sanctioned an Open Door policy with foreign nations. The policy reversed the long lasting self-sufficiency and isolationist viewpoints held in previous decades, thus fostering the foreign relationships necessary to adopt new technology, which has assisted with the modernization of China’s industry. The reforms set in motion by Deng Xiaoping significantly improved the standard of living for many of the Chinese people. His modernization movement was so successful that by the early 1990’s, figures that indicated the people’s average incomes had tripled since he took control of the country. The modernization didn’t come easily though. For example, after people began have a better understanding of the individual freedoms and rights enjoyed by Western culture, student protest became commonplace throughout the 1980’s as the Chinese people struggled for further reforms to add more choice in their daily lives. The unrest came to a head in 1989 when students and others joined together for a demonstration in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Eventually armored troops stormed the city center killing numerous defenseless civilians to put an end to the demonstration. Although the Tiananmen Square incident hurt the country’s foreign relations to some degree with ti me, ties were mended. Throughout the 1990’s China’s international reputation greatly improved. In fact, the United Kingdom and Portugal, respectively, handed over control of Hong Kong in 1997 and Macao in 1999 to the People’s Republic of China. This was a tremendous accomplishment for the then newly elected president, Jiang Zemin. Zemin continued to pursue the economic liberalization started by Deng Xiaoping. In addition to the transfer of power in Hong Kong and Macao, he also successfully negotiated a trade agreement with the United States that reduced barriers to commerce between the two countries. The world over took this as the next step in China’s Open Door policy. This in turn resulted in bilateral trade agreements with many other nations. By December 2001, China was formally admitted into the World Trade Organization marking what will become the rebirth of the Chinese economy. CULTURE Over 20 percent of the world’s population lives in the PRC. Most of the country’s inhabitants (92 percent) are considered ethnic Han Chinese. Approximately 5,000 years ago people began settling the plains and plateaus of northern and central China. These people eventually absorbed the residents of southern China 2,000 years ago, which spawned a shared culture and the people known today as Han. Minority nationalities make up the remaining 8 percent of the population that include ethnicities such as Mongols and Tibetans. The scarcely settled regions of western and southwestern China are home to most of the minorities. In 1982 China became the first nation with a population that just exceeded 1 billion. By 2004 China’s estimated population has grown to 1,294,629,600. The country is showing signs of decreased population growth rates in conjunction with declining fertility and birth rates. Since the Chinese Communist Party came into rule in 1950, the average number of children born per woman during their lifetime (fertility rate) declined from 6.2 to 1.7 in 2004. Over the same period, the birth rate dropped from an average of 45 births per 1,000 people to an approximated 13. This in turn has had a dramatic affect on the population’s growth rate, which was reduced from 2.25 percent in the early 1950’s to .59 percent in 2004. Even with these reductions, China’s population still increases by the millions each year. Although the nation’s economy grew significantly during this time period, China continually faces the problem of gainfully employing the millions of new wor kers entering the workforce each year. The fertility rate has dropped primarily because of government intervention. For example, couples have been encouraged to marry at an older age than what was previously common. In addition, the state began a campaign in 1979 to prevent couples from having more than one child. To assist with the one-child policy, abortion has remained legal and more public health facilities were created to distribute birth-control devices and information. Beyond these measures, women who become pregnant that already have a child will often be coerced to terminate their pregnancy due to social and administrative forces. Although the one-child policy still remains active, there are times when it’s not strictly enforced. This is often the case for females whom are considered minorities. Due to the high mortality rate among minorities, non-Han people have typically been granted more cultural freedom by the government to have larger families. This stance also serves the government who wishes to appear to be sympathetic towards the desires of the various ethnic groups within China. The one-child policy has led to an uncommonly high ratio of males to females. The preferences for males are due in part to a complicated set of cultural traditions. For example, the birth of a son ensures that the family name will be carried on. Sons are also necessary to be able to fulfill the customary requirements of ancestral worship. Most importantly, men are charged with the obligation of taking care of their natural parents once old age sets in. Women also care for their husband’s parents which can make it difficult financially for the parents of daughters in old age because the Chinese government provides little to no retirement funds in rural areas where a majority of the population is located. To adhere to the one-child policy the Chinese often take what would elsewhere be considered extreme measures to ensure the birth of a son. Males are so preferred that it’s common to see baby girls abandoned and left for adoption in public places. Some employ new technologies to determine the sex of unborn fetuses so that a pregnancy can be terminated if a daughter is expected. It’s also not uncommon to hear of baby girls being killed soon after being born so that another attempt at a son is possible.

Nomadic Societies

They developed by adapting to the ecological conditions of their arid lands. Due to the lack of rain in central Asia they are not able to support large scale agriculture. The Nomadic people would bring their herds of animals to lands that actually had large amounts of grass, and stubs so that they could graze. They lived off of only meat, milk, and the hides of their animals. They used animal bones for tools and animal feces for fuel. Classify their interaction with the sedentary states. Their interaction with the sedentary states was mostly throughout trade and â€Å"they sometimes even adopted aspects of secondary cultures, and acted as intermediaries between settled worlds. † (Sanders, Nelson, Morillo, & Ellenberger, 2006, p. 181) Was it always hostile? No, they were not always hostile while interacting with others and they had a very strong military. Because they had such a strong worriers they were able to seize the wealth of settled societies they then were able to build imperial states in the regions surrounding central Asia. How were they viewed differently? * A first century BCE description of the Xiongnu, the archetypal nomadic peoples of the Chinese world. * A late fourth century Roman view of the Huns. * One of the barbarian groups that invaded the Roman Empire. description of the steppe nomads by the tenth-century Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus that reflects both Byzantine experience and the classical legacy of Greek and Roman views and terms * Ibn-Al-Athir gives us an early –thirteenth-century Muslim view of the Mongol attacks on the Islamic World, and Marco Polo, a European who lived for years at the Mongol court, gives us something of an â€Å"outside insiders† view of Mongol life. (Sanders, Nelson, Morillo, & Ellenberger, 2006, p. 181) They also normally did little governing seeing how clans and tribes pretty uch looked out for themselves. And they were known to have a very strong military. Analyze the Mongol empire. The nomadic Mongols lived on the high steppe lands of eastern central Asia they displayed deep loyalty to kin groups organized into families, clans, and tribes. They were allies with Turkish people who had built empires on the steppes. They were unable to establish strong stable society on a large scale due to their loyalties to kinship groups. What kind of a leader was Chinggis (Ghenghis) Khan? He mastered the art of steppe diplomacy which called for displays of personal courage in battle, combined with intense loyalty to allies, a willingness to betray others to improve one’s position, and the ability to entice other tribes into cooperative relationships. In 1206 a group of Mongol leaders recognized Temujin supremacy by proclaiming him Chinggis was known as a universal leader. † (Bentley, Ziegler, & Streets, 2008, p. 272) Why did the empire decline? The empire then declined due to serious difficulties governing Persia and China. In Persia they had cases of excessive spending which strained the treasury, and overexploitation of the peasantry led to reduced revenues. They tried to fix their mess by creating paper money in the 1290’s but the merchants refused to accept paper, they thought it was worthless. Then when the last Mongol ruler pasted away in 1335 there was no heir the ilkhanate collapsed. What overall effect did the Mongols have on the eastern world? Even though the Mongols came to an end it was not the end of the nomadic peoples influence on Eurasia. The Turkish people resumed the expansive campaigns that the Mongols had interrupted.

European History Essay

European History Essay European History Essay The Irish Unrest An Irish rebellion in 1798, led to Ireland becoming incorporated into the United Kingdom. This meant that Ireland was now dominated by English rule. The constituents of Ireland divided into two main groups; the nationalists, who supported an independent republic, and the conservatives, who favored the union. The Act of Union of 1801 sparked discrimination against religions, controversy over English influence, and rebellion from inhabitants that favored an independent republic. Religion was a main issue that came to a head when the Act of Union of 1801 was integrated. Protestants that originally settled in Ireland began to out lash at the government for not incorporating religion into the constitution. Document 2 references Protestants claiming inheritance of the constitution due to their ancestors fight for a Protestant government. Even though Protestants claimed a Protestant government, Document 9 references four provinces that are mostly dominated by Roman Catholics. Protestants did not only claim the constitution, but reflected hostility onto Catholicism. The Nationalist journalist, William Bulfin, in Document 10 believed that with a Protestant government, Catholicism would cease to exist in the country. Contrary to believers of Protestant rule, Document 11 references that others argued that since Protestants were not the majority they were not more influential than other minorities. Once the union formed, English influence and rule become a huge part of Ireland and how the country operated. The conservative party, although the minority, believed that home rule would ultimately lead to the destruction of the country and put the disloyal, dishonest, and thriftless people in charge. As Documents 7 and 12 reference the consequences of home rule, Document 1 plainly states that Ireland’s success rests in the hands of English rule. John Wilson Croker, in Document 5, believed that all civilized and successful aspects of Ireland were direct effects of English’s influence on Ireland.

Red Bull Marketing Strategy What You Need to Know + How to Copy It

Red Bull Marketing Strategy What You Need to Know + How to Copy It Red Bull is an unbeatable marketing powerhouse. When it comes to their marketing strategy, the brand takes everything it does to the extreme. However, their marketing efforts always put the audience first. In fact, selling their product comes second. While theyre active on array of channels and use tons of different tactics, everything revolves around one concept:  creating content and experiences people would be interested in even if they dont care about energy drink brands. By going above and beyond to produce content on par with major publishers, pull off mindblowing events, and more, theyve become one of the most talked about brands in the world. In this post, youll learn how they went from small startup to global media empire (and borrow their ideas for your own brand). Red Bull Marketing Strategy: What You Need to Know (And How to Copy It)Get Your Red Bull Marketing Stats Infographic What’s the best way to dominate a market? Create one that doesn’t exist yet. That’s exactly what Red Bull did with energy drinks 30 years ago. Thanks to smart marketing and creative strategy, they’ve stayed on top for three decades. So, what does the data look like behind that domination? Download this infographic and find out. DID YOU KNOW: You can plan and organize your entire marketing strategy with , the industry's best-selling marketing calendar solution? Learn how here. How Red Bull Got Started Red Bull first came to the market in 1987  after Austrian toothpaste salesman Dietrich Mateschitz came to Thailand and heard about an â€Å"energy tonic†, created by Chaleo Yoovidhya. The tonic was supposed to help keep drinkers awake and alert. After three years of testing Red Bull launched in Austria, but the two businessmen had doubters. â€Å"There is no demand in the market for this type of drink,† they said. There was no way anyone would go for it. They were wrong. Today, Red Bull dominates, with over 43% of the market share in 2015. The best part? They’re still going strong. Considering Red Bull created the market in the first place, dominating just about half of it after nearly three decades years isn’t bad. Check out this infographic of their whole history: The History Of Red Bull's Unconventional Marketing Strategy When Red Bull first came out, energy drinks didn’t exist, and traditional advertising was expensive. So, Red Bull went rogue and went with a different strategy. What did they do, exactly? They simply went straight to their target audience (18 -35-year-old males)at college parties, libraries, coffee shops, bars and other places where they hang out. By bringing their audience free samples, they put the product right in their consumer's hands. That got their audience talking, spreading the word about their product for free. Today, they still employ a similar strategy: they go wherever their audience is at. Whether that means sponsoring a music festival or creating top-notch culture content, they'll do it. In fact, the content Red Bull publishes is executed at the same level as a professional publishing house. They're effectively a media company that happens to sell an energy drink, rather than the other way around. Recommended Reading: How to Mature Your Publishing Process With Matthew Ankeny From Gear Patrol How Red Bull Reaches Its Target Market Red Bull focuses on three significant tactics to attract its target audience: Publishing awesome content:  The content that the Red Bull marketing team creates is on the same level as other major media outlets that their audience might consume content from. Colossal publicity stunts:  Red Bull takes â€Å"Go Big or Go Home† to the next level by producing massive stunts that cause everyone to freeze and watch what happens. Sponsoring or creating events:  Red Bull proved its marketing prowess by taking their product and associating it with things their audience loves by sponsoring or creating events for them. Check out this Slide Deck on Red Bull’s marketing strategy: How Red Bull Approaches Content Marketing  Strategy Red Bull’s content does three things exceptionally well. First, it  covers  topics that interest their audience. Extreme sports, concerts and music festivals are just a few of the topics covered on the Red Bull website. Picture anywhere you might see someone enjoying (or needing) a Red Bull and their content will cover it. Second, is their ability to sell their brand but not push their product. Their content focuses solely on the enjoyment of the reader, not selling Red Bull. In turn, their audience begins to associate their product with content that they love to consume. Want to do marketing like @redbull? Push content, not product.Third, it publishes videos, blog posts, landing pages and other types of content at the same professional level as media sites that their target audience consumes content from. Take this video for example. It’s high energy, high impact, and full of content that people who love extreme air stunts would enjoy: How Red Bull Uses Publicity Stunts to Generate Hype Another piece of the Red Bull marketing strategy is their insane publicity stunts. They sent a man up 128,000 ft above the earth in a small ship and helium balloon and had him free fall out of it. This stunt, commonly known as the Red Bull Stratos Jump  broke two different world records: By creating massive stunts, like the Stratos Jump, it causes their audience (and let’s face it, probably everyone else) to stop and think, â€Å"Whoa what’s that? I NEED to watch this.† Recommended Reading: How to Generate Data-Backed Social Media Campaign Ideas How Red Bull Uses Events to Reach Consumers The third part of their strategy involves hosting and sponsoring events that their target market is already attending. Whether that means music festivals, film events, or even extreme cliff diving, Red Bull will either create or sponsor an event around them. Why is this a brilliant move? Their audience is already there. Their target audience is an active group. They’re trying new and crazy stunts, they love extreme sports or rocking out at a music festival. So Red Bull shows  up at places they know their target audience would be. Take Coachella for example. This massive music festival takes place over the course of two weekends in the desert and fans don’t want to miss a second of it. That may mean sacrificing a few hours of sleep. Red Bull shows up and gives them the wings (and energy) they need to stay awake and keep jamming at the festival. Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects 8 Ways Red Bull Executes Its Marketing Strategy Red Bull’s  ability to stay true to its branding and values is what makes them successful. DID YOU KNOW: makes it easy to plan and execute your entire marketing strategy. See how you can schedule content, automate social media, manage your team, and more on one marketing calendar. 1. Maximizing The Idea Behind Their Tagline Red Bull's messaging strategy revolves around their tagline, â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings.† It focuses on the idea that their product gives people the â€Å"wings† or energy they need to do whatever they want when they want. This tagline fuels their content because they produce and record some of the most action-packed, high flying sports and activities the world has ever seen. Need a little help jumping out of a plane in a flying suit? Let Red Bull give you the extra push you need. 2. Keeping Consistent Visual Branding The visual branding that Red Bull has created is a key contributor to the brand’s success. Take a look at one of their more recent YouTube videos: The content keeps the watcher engaged through a fast-paced, high-intensity stunt that leaves them wondering if they’ll actually be able to pull it off. That edge of your seat, shock-inducing mentality is what Red Bull’s branding is all about. In turn, they’re able to say, we gave people the energy (and courage) they needed to attempt something this crazy. Recommended Reading: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic 3. Letting Values Be Their Guide Their values play a role in their content as well. They center around one core phrase â€Å"giving wings to people and ideas.† Everything that the Red Bull team communicates revolves around that tagline and their values. It’s the ability to keep that communication consistent over the past 30 years that has lead to their success. 4. Building a Strong Content Core RedBull’s content core can be summed up by saying: â€Å"Red Bull’s content core revolves around the intersection between their audience’s interest for extreme sports, festivals, and a fast-paced lifestyle with their product’s ability to keep people awake and give them energy during those events.† They focus on topics like extreme sports, music, art, dance, nightlife and a whole lot more. Because of that broad spectrum, their content can appeal to the right audience. There is one thing that Red Bull does with its content core that pushes them ahead of the pack. Every piece of content that they create matches the quality of other publications their target audience might read like Buzzfeed, Vice, ESPN, and more. That level of quality makes it seem like it’s coming from a powerhouse dedicated to creating consumable media, not an energy drink brand. Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects 5. Creating Content Around What Their Audience Loves What does every topic that they cover (and there’s a lot of them) have in common? They focus on activities that their audience would participate in while consuming their products.   They also publish that content everywhere their audience is likely to hang out. They publish a massive amount of material on their website, which, surprisingly, has no mention of their product whatsoever: They produce a magazine, The Red Bulletin, which circulates over 2.2 million copies a month: They also create awesome, awe-inspiring videos: In summary, if their target audience is consuming content on a given channel, you can count on Red Bull being there. Recommended Reading: The Most Complete Content Marketing Process Guide You Need to Get Organized 6. Revamping the Way They Use Traditional Media It’s not just content marketing that Red Bull dominates. The brand invests a substantial amount in traditional mass media channels as well. Red Bull’s TV content operates in two formats: videos they create for their online channels  (YouTube, social media, etc.)  and ads that they partner with traditional TV channel content: Their TV content resides on their online hub called Red Bull TV. Their videos and shows are segmented into formats like Events and Films as well as channel topics like Cliff Diving and Culture: They’ve moved into the music realm too. In addition to covering or sponsoring massive musical festivals, Red Bull also boasts it’s own record label, recording studio, music academy, publishing group, and online radio station. Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy That Will Engage Your Audience 7. By Being Loud and Proud With Social Media Strategy Social media is another channel that Red Bull dominates with authority. Their Facebook page, for example, is full of artistic videos that blend together visually appealing images, music created by their own record label that pumps up viewers, and the sports and events their audience loves. Their message is short and sweet while the first 3 seconds leave you wondering what is happening. You have no choice but to see it through to the end: Leonardo Fioravanti Man-made waves hand-made surfing skills. Posted by Red Bull on Tuesday, November 28, 2017 Their Twitter and Instagram channels on the other hand focus on â€Å"wow† worthy images  to promote shares and interaction with their fans. What’s a wow worthy image for Red Bull? According to Link Humans, it’s images that capture speed, sport and motion: Wings with a view. Where are your wings taking you this week? pic.twitter.com/ZKrEtr40yb - Red Bull (@redbull) November 14, 2017 Their  ability to create dynamic social media posts that  are so engaging it stops fans from scrolling past it is what makes them a social media success.  Each media piece looks like their subject is in motion, which reflects the brand’s high energy aesthetic. Recommended Reading: How to Create the Best Documented Social Media Marketing Strategy in Eight Steps 8. Bringing The Product To The Audience With Sponsorships and Events Finally, Red Bull’s sponsorship and events are the last part of their marketing strategy that seals the domination of their brand. Let’s  break their efforts into three categories: Publicity stunts. Events they’ve created. Sponsorships. Their publicity stunts are so crazy it forces the world to stop and watch. Of course, there’s their Stratos Jump, but there’s more. Take the Red Bull Air Force  team  for example. This group is dedicated to pulling off some of the craziest aerial acrobatics ever seen: Then there are their events, like Red Bull Crashed Ice  or Red Bull Queen of the Bay  that focus on specific sports like ice cross or surfing respectfully. These events focus on fans of the sport and raise awareness of the Red Bull brand. Finally, there are sponsorships. From the Electric Daisy Carnival  in Las Vegas to Coachella, Red Bull is involved with it all. It’s a genius move on the company’s part because who attends all of those events? Their target audience. Not only that, but those sponsorships allow Red Bull to expose the brand to new audiences due to the sheer number of people who attend. Recommended Reading: How to Use an Event Calendar to Organize Your #IRL Attendance Why Their Strategy Works Red Bull’s strategy works because of three  different things: The first is their ability to tell a story that entices their audience. Their focus on everything from extreme sports to music festivals gives them a wide playing field, but it’s not just that. Red Bull puts its product second, and the content and value they can give their audience first. The attention to detail that their marketing team gives is evident. These are people who care about the topics their writing, recording or creating content around. Finally, it’s their commitment to the values and aesthetic that the brand created when they first got their start that makes their marketing work. Everything they create relates back to the idea of giving people and ideas wings to fly. How to Make Red Bull’s Marketing Strategy Work For You It goes without saying, Red Bull has come a long way in the 30 years since it’s inception. From very humble beginnings to the mega-brand publishing house it is today, Red Bull is a marketing success story. Seem intimidating? Let their story serve as a reminder that your organization needs to start somewhere. They didn’t go from an idea in Thailand to a multi-mega corporation overnight. That took time, luck and some seriously hard work  (and a lot of great marketing along the way). Follow their lead by starting small. Here are some ideas: Create a short weekly video series on a topic that interests your audience. Curate social media content that intersects with your product’s purpose and your audience’s interests (without directly referencing yourself). Publish an email newsletter full of cool and useful stuff your audience might like (and maybe slap your own logo in their somewhere). The main takeaway here is this: to succeed at content marketing like Red Bull, you have to put your audience’s interests first, and create stuff that looks and sounds like the kind of content they consume from publishers. Instead of emulating other marketers, that means emulating magazines, TV shows, news websites, and anything else your audience might read and watch. Want to learn more about how to do that, exactly? Here’s some additional reading material to get you started: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 How to Create a Social Media Strategy In Three Steps (With a Template) How to Write Like a Journalist to Be a Better Marketing Storyteller How to Generate Data-Backed Social Media Campaign Ideas Where will your wings take you from here?

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Terrorism - Essay Example FARC is a Marxist-Leninist self-proclaimed organization which aims to get hold of the country’s wealth by overthrowing the Colombian government (Zalman, n.d.). The Baluchistan Liberation Army (BLA) is one of the main ethno-nationalist terrorist groups based in Baluchistan, which is a province of Pakistan. The aim of BLA is to gain independence from the parent country in order to protect rights of the local people (Chossudovsky, 2007). BLA has been involved in a number of human rights violations and terrorist activities, such as, brutal torture, bomb attacks, extrajudicial executions, and enforced disappearances. A number of cases have occurred in which the militants of the Baluchistan Liberation Army have attacked innocent civilians and have shot them to death after torturing them brutally. The attack on the founder of Pakistan’s residency in 2013, commonly known as Jinnah residency, was also carried out by the militants of the Baluchistan Liberation Army (Reuters,

Review of Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review of Literature - Essay Example It will show that the profession has evolved, with a noted increase in demand for nurses as their roles get more specialized, sophisticated and technologically driven. According to Blanche (2010) clinical experience, education and continuing education have been the main contributing factors in the transformation of the nursing industry and keeping the nurses on top of their practice. According to Boltz (2011), the nursing industry has gone through changes in the kind of technology used, new fields have been introduced and new education curricula and levels have been developed. He adds that, however, the primary role of nursing has been subjected to all these changes to make it remain the same; to promote health and wellness through its caring practice. The changes and developments have all served to makes today’s nurse foster a better relationship with patients, which translates into satisfaction for the patients, their families, fellow nurses and the entire industry. Boltz (2 011) also points out that a significant shift in nursing approach has been that of currently viewing it as a relationship focused on a patient, rather than the task oriented approach of the 1960s. In agreement with Boltz’s sentiments, Blanche (2010) contributes that contemporary nursing practice emphasizes on formulating a correlation between healthcare and relationship development, which results in more individualized care plans, better and optimal care results. Koloroutis et al (2004) opine that the nursing fraternity today acknowledges the need of instilling into patients the feeling that the nurse is in touch with their problem and can handle it from the patients’ point of grievances, rather than a worker who only needs to complete a task. Sullivan-Marx et al (2010) points out that with growing specialization in medicine, physicians started collaborating with and mentoring nurses who possessed clinical experience in the early 1960s. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) (2009), as the physicians moved out of primary care to specialize in certain fields, there grew a shortage of personnel in primary care, especially in the medically underserved rural areas. Medicaid and Medicare moved in to provide health care programs and coverage for the low-income population, persons with disabilities, the elderly and children in 1965. USDHHS (2009) further explains that with the sudden availability of the programs and coverage, there came a high and sudden demand for the expansion of primary care services and nurses. In the same year, a renowned nurse, Loretta Ford, and physician Henry Silver, developed the first nurse practitioners’ training program focusing on families and children health, disease prevention, and health promotion. Serving as a foundation, it has developed into the advanced nursing practice of today. According to Sullivan-Marx et al (2010) the opportunity, availed by the then shortage of physicians, has given birth to the current specialties of nursing. Today’s nurses are taking on roles previously reserved for the physicians. Nurse midwives are a good example. They are presently a highly regarded group as they not only reduce infant mortality rates in underserved areas, but they are also equipped to train more practitioners in rural areas, especially in developing countries. They work with local health