Domestic Violence - Fact or Fiction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1899 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Violence Essay Did you like this example? Domestic Violence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Fact or Fiction Domestic violence in Australia is one of the most prominent issues of our lifetime. For a long time, women were treated as possessions by men and the law did not legally recognise occurrences such as rape of a wife by her husband. More recently though, societies beliefs and attitudes in regards to the subject of domestic violence has changed quite considerably. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence Fact or Fiction?" essay for you Create order Previously the only avenue that existed for victims of domestic violence was through criminal law, now all states of Australia have enacted various forms of domestic violence legislation, to deal with this type of growing problem. (Dosen, et al., 2013) The Family Law Act 1975 defines family violence as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“violent, threatening or other behaviour by a person that coerces or controls a member of the personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family (the family member), or causes the family member to be fearful.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Familylawcourts.gov.au, 2014) As stated in the book Investigating Legal Studies for Queensland, there are many different forms of domestic violence and this can include physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial abuse and social abuse. Physical abuse refers to the traditional ideas of domestic abuse. This is the pushing, grabbing, slapping, and kicking in a domestic relationship. Sexual abuse refers sexual assault of a person in a domestic relati onship, as well as sexual acts carried out against a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s will. Psychological abuse is when a person in a domestic relationship is yelling, swearing, or criticising a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personality or looks. Financial abuse refers to when a person in a domestic relationship is controlling all the money in the household, or making a person hand over their money, and social abuse is when the person is controlling who a person sees; for example, not permitting contact with family or friends. (Dosen, et al., 2013) These different forms of domestic violence can be seen within the model on screen. The most recent statistics and information on domestic violence come from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Personal Safety Survey. This was a national survey that included 16, 400 Australians over the age of eighteen, and was conducted in 2005. This showed that 64.1% incidences of physical assault against women that were recorded within the twelve months prior to 2005 were committed within a home. (Dss.gov.au, 2012) This survey found that 443, 800 women (5.8 percent of the population) in Australia reported that they have experienced either physical or sexual violence within the last 12 months, and that more than a million women had experienced physical or sexual assault by either their current or ex-partner. (Dss.gov.au, 2012) The same survey showed that the majority of domestic violence that happens in Australia is committed by men against women, or men against men. This is shown as it is important to recognize about the survey that much of the violence against men was shown to have been committed by other men. Of the men that had reported to this survey that they had been physically abused within the 12 months before the survey 73.7% said that their attacker was a male. (Domesticviolence.com.au, 2014) Within the years 1996 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2005 the amount of sexual assaults reported to police rose from 14.9% to 18.9%, and during that time frame there was also an increase of reporting physical violence to the police from 18.5% to 36%. (Domesticviolence.com.au, 2014) When comparing the men and women in this survey, it showed that by the age of fifteen, 12.4% of women had been sexually abused. This compared to 4.5% of men within the years of 1996 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2005. (Domesticviolence.com.au, 2014) And although the statistics show that most domestic violence is committed by men, it is a misconception that domestic violence only affects women, as many victims of domestic violence are actually men. The Australian Bureau of Statisticà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2005 Personal Safety Survey revealed that approximately 1.3 million women and nearly half a million men had experience some form of domestic violence by a previous or current partner. (Dosen, et al., 2013) Other statistics that were taken from a Queensland Crime report shows that in Queensland there was a 9% increase in breaches of domestic violence prot ection orders. According to Queensland Courts, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a domestic violence order is a civil order made by a court that imposes conditions to protect a person from future domestic violence.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Domestic and family violence, 2013) This protection order is a final long term order that states that a person cannot commit domestic violence against any person that is named in the order. This order can also state that the person must stay away from the victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s home or workplace. (Domestic and family violence, 2013) Penalties for domestic violence are a highly debated topic. Many people believe that the sentences for domestic violence arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t high enough, whereas others believe that the penalties should stay as they are. In the Domestic Violence and Family Protection Act 2012 it states that the penalties for domestic or family violence is forty penalty units ($40 000) or imprisonment for one year for a first offence. (Alrc.gov.au, 2014 ) If in the three years before the current offence the offender has been convicted of breaching a domestic violence order at least twice, the maximum penalty is two years imprisonment. (Pottslawyers.com.au, 2014) According to the law at this time, in some instances when the victim fights back against their attacker, the victim becomes the perpetrator. (Dosen and Ballantyne et al., 2013) As stated by Amy Corderoy in her article Push For defence for women who kill violent men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Women who kill their partners often end up pleading guilty to manslaughter or murder, which experts say shows the legal system may be failing domestic violence victims.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Corderoy, 2014) There are few defences in which women may use in a domestic violence case. The most relied on defence for a domestic violence victim is that of self-defence. This defence relates to the acts done upon compulsion, provocation or in self-defence. (Dosen and Ballantyne et al., 2013) Another one of the most prominent defences is the defence of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"battered woman syndrome.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Battered woman syndrome is a mental condition that is suffered by the victim as a result of the domestic violence. In the case of R v Runjanjic and Kontinnen (1992) 56 SASR 114, the victim was killed while asleep. The defendant in this case was told by the victim before they went to sleep that he was going to kill her and their son when he woke up. (Dosen and Ballantyne et al,. 2013) The defendant had suffered quite severe sexual, physical, and mental abuse at the hand of the victim. Although psychologists did testify that the defendant had suffered from battered woman syndrome, the court acquitted the defendant not on this defence, but on the defence of self-defence. Another case that is extremely prominent in regards to battered woman syndrome, and is a landmark case in Australia in relation to domestic violence is that of Robyn Kina (CA No 221 of 1993). In this case an aborigi nal woman was given a life sentence for murdering her husband. The initial case lasted half a day which is the shortest murder trial in Queenslandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s history. After five years in prison, Kinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case was taken to the court of appeal and upon investigation it was shown that her husband had been abusing her for years and that on the day of his murder, he had made a comment about Kinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fourteen year old niece which in Robyn Kinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s words made her à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"snapà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Robyn Kina was then released on the defence of battered woman syndrome. (The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 2004) In 2010 there was another major amendment made to the Criminal Code Act 1899 (Qld) which made the defence of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Killing for preservation in an abusive domestic relationshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. This is a defence that goes beyond self-defence and allows à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"genuine victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ th e appropriate legal protection. (Dosen and Ballantyne et al., 2013) In the article Queenslandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s domestic killing defence an Australian first by Courtney Trenwith, Attorney General Cameron Dick states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“research reviewed during the development process found that victims of seriously abusive relationships often commit offences in circumstances that fall outside existing defences, such as self-defence and provocation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  He also stated that the defence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t excuse victims, but it does broaden the courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sentencing options.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Trenwith, 2010) This means that the defence will not be misused by court to acquit cases in which defendants would otherwise be guilty of murder, but it would provide some legal protection for victims of serious domestic abuse. (Trenwith, 2010) The media represents domestic violence in varying ways. There are times when how ità ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s represented can be questioned, and other times when ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shown that the media coverage of domestic violence is helping domestic violence victims to save themselves from violence relationships. One way that media covers this subject is through the use of movies. One movie that is quite well-known is called Safe Haven. In this movie is shows the life of a victim of a violence relationship escaping her abuser. This is a clip from the movie. Particularly in Australia, this clip shows not only how domestic violence is being targeted by media in Australia, but also shows how many people are becoming more and more aware of the issue, and the amount of people are victims of domestic abuse and how they can get help. In conclusion domestic violence is one of the most important social issues of our time, and it is our responsibility to help protect domestic violence victims, and make sure they know that they have a voice in our society. Bibliography Alrc.gov.au. 2014.Penalties and sentencing for breach of protection orders | ALRC. [online] Available at:https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/ 12. Breach of Protection Orders/penalties-and-sentencing-breach-protection-orders [Accessed: 9 Mar 2014]. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education. 2004.Understanding Social and Legal Justice Issues for Aboriginal Women. [online] Available at: https://www.atsis.uq.edu.au/ajie/docs/200433023030.pdf [Accessed: 11 Mar 2014]. Domestic and family violence. (2013, January 11). Retrieved March 3, 2014, from Queensland Courts: https://www.courts.qld.gov.au/courts/magistrates-court/domestic-and-family-violence Domesticviolence.com.au. 2014.DOMESTIC VIOLENCE STATISTICS. [online] Available at: https://www.domesticviolence.com.au/pages/domestic-violence-statistics.php [Accessed: 7 Mar 2014]. Dosen, A., Ballantyne, T., Brumpton, M., Gibson, K., Harris, L., Lippingwell, S., et al. (2013). Investigating Legal Studies for Queensland. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Dss.gov.au. 2012.Facts about womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s safety | Australian Government Department of Social Services. [online] Available at: https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/women/publications-articles/general/fact-sheets-womens-issues/facts-about-women-s-safety [Accessed: 7 Mar 2014]. Familylawcourts.gov.au. 2014.The Family Law Act and family violence. [online] Available at: https://www.familylawcourts.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/FLC/Home/Family+Violence/The+Family+Law+Act+and+family+violence/ [Accessed: 9 Mar 2014]. Masterson, J. 2014.Crime after Crime (Documentary) 2011. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfI6r_4RjGQ [Accessed: 4 Mar 2014]. Mulroney, J., Australian Domestic and Family Violence. (n.d.). Australian Statistics on Domestic Violence . Retrieved November 4, 2013, from Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse: https://www.adfvc.unsw.edu.au/PDF files/Statistics_final.pdf Pottslawyer s.com.au. 2014.Breach Of Domestic Violence QLD Law Article Potts Lawyers. [online] Available at: https://www.pottslawyers.com.au/breach-of-domestic-violence-qld-offence.html [Accessed: 9 Mar 2014]. Queensland Police. 2013.Queensland Crime. [online] Available at: https://www.police.qld.gov.au/Resources/Internet/services/reportsPublications/statisticalReview/1112/documents/QldCrime.pdf [Accessed: 11 Mar 2014]. Something in common. 2014.Violence against women. [online] Available at: https://somethingincommon.gov.au/dig-deeper/freedom/violence-against-women [Accessed: 5 Mar 2014]. Trenwith, C. 2010.Queenslands domestic killing defence an Australian first. [online] Available at: https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/queenslands-domestic-killing-defence-an-australian-first-20100210-nq7j.html [Accessed: 9 Mar 2014].

Outline Of Policy Development Process Outline - 1058 Words

EDU108.Part B: Policy Development Process Outline Policy Idea: Strive to be the best policy Purpose of / Need for the Policy: Our school has high expectations for academic success and conduct, that are clearly outlined, assessable, and no excuses are made because of the upbringing of students. Students, teachers, parents, and staff initiate and reinforce a culture of achievement and encouragement with a range of formal rewards and consequences for behavior and academic performance. Person Responsible for Policy Development: Administrator / Principal Process for Developing Policy: Rough draft written by the principal that will then be reviewed by a committee made up of principal, teachers (1 representing each grade level), students, and†¦show more content†¦The McKinney†Vento Homeless Assistance Act, reauthorized in December 2001, ensures educational rights and protections for children and youth experiencing homelessness (CDE). Make sure that any students identified as homeless enroll in school, and receive the same opportunity to do well in school. Make sure that homeless families be provided with any services they are eligible for. Homeless Liaison assists students at Angela Davis College Prep. Policy Idea: Parent Engagement Policy Purpose of / Need for the Policy: Parental involvement is important for student success. High-quality education cannot be provided without involving parents in the learning process. When enrolling a student, parent sign a Contract of Excellence, committing to 40 parent hours each year, to help with their student’s achievement. The school will provide parent workshops, communication, clubs, and activities to coach, train, and empower parents so they can better assist their child’s quest of a first-rate education. Person Responsible for Policy Development: Principal Process for Developing Policy: Rough draft written by the principal that will then be reviewed by

A Beautiful Mind Psychological Review free essay sample

Psychological Analysis A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 movie loosely based on The American mathematician John Nash. The movie follows John Nash played by Russell Crowe and his development of delusional episodes and paranoid schizophrenia. Enrolled at Princeton in 1948, John Nash stood out from the rest, detached from the world. With an introverted personality, he devoted himself to finding a unique mathematical theorem that would be completely original. With his success, John becomes a professor at MIT where he meets and eventually marries a student of his, Alicia. With the progression of time John becomes more unstable with his delusions which force him to become more self-aware in hopes to control his illness and work and function normally. In 1948, John Nash attended Princeton where he met his best friend Charles Herman. An unusual friendship begins between the two, but we later discover that Charles Herman is a figment of Nashs delusions which emerged to help him cope with the stress and anxiety of his competitive surrounding and pressure to publish an original mathematical idea. We will write a custom essay sample on A Beautiful Mind Psychological Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is the first sign of a split reality in Nashs beautiful mind. The second occurs after Nash returns from the Pentagon after being invited to crack encrypted Russian communications. He was able to decipher the encryption mentally, which astonished the other code breakers in the room. With a feeling of disinterest in his duties at MIT, Nashs second illusion comes to life. William Parcher from the US Department of Defense recruits Nash to decipher communications of the Russians hidden in public magazines and newspapers. During a class at MIT, Nash meets Alicia. The two fall in love which heightens Nashs emotions. At a return visit to Princeton, Nash anxiety levels causes him the allusion his former roommate who now has a niece he takes care of to return. Nash asks his allusion whether he should marry Alicia or not. This shows that Charles was created to help Nash cope with anxiety and stress of his life. His allusions grew stronger and his mentality degraded. After his marriage his allusions grew as his split reality that he created where he works for the government becomes fearful. Nash is forcibly sent to a psychiatric facility where he comes to slight reasonability that what he experienced were delusions so he agrees to take medication. His antipsychotic drugs caused side effects that limited his abilities. After deciding to stop taking his drugs, Nashs state degenerated to an even worse state than before as an effect of rebound. After an incident where he leaves his new born baby that was in the tub in the care of his friend Charles, Alicia picks up the phone to call the psychiatric facility and Nash ends up hurting her after William Parcher shows up in his kitchen telling him she is a liability. His actions cause his motivations to change and he became more self-aware that the three people: William, Charles, and Charles niece are all hallucinations after realizing that none of them age throughout the years. Deciding not to restart his medication, Nash lived by ignoring his hallucinations. With the aid of his wife, Nash began working at Princeton in the library as being in familiar places helped him deal with his delusions. Nash slowly learned to ignore his illusions as he grew older. Eventually, he was given the privilege of teaching again. Nash is honored by his fellow professors for his achievements in mathematics and he wins the Nobel Prize for his revolutionary theorem he published all those years back for his doctorate.

Employment relations Essay Example Essay Example

Employment relations Essay Example Paper Employment relations Essay Introduction Employment relations Employment relations Essay Body Paragraphs Employment relations Historical background Employee relations form part of the fundamental components of business systems through their unique structural features that they impose on various parts of the Australian economy. The analysis of the progress and change in employee relations has been given little attention. Understanding the source and dynamics would be vital in shedding light on the emerging employee relations system. Historically, the industrial revolution was the starting point for the modern employee-employer relationships. The harsh conditions such as dangerous work, low wages and long working hours triggered violent strikes, economic instability and creation of industrial relations to create a middle ground for the economists and proletariat. An industrial relations system is made up of a range of networks between and among employers and employees that are managed through cooperation and differences. Proper industrial relations systems are those in which relationships between all the stakeholders that are employees, employers and representatives are synchronized, harmonious and more cooperative than conflictual. Such conditions create cordial environments that are necessary for economic prosperity as well as the motivation, development and productivity of the workers generating trustworthiness and mutual confidence (Kaufman, 2004). The contemporary employment relations systems indicated a paradigm shift from the traditional industrial relations systems. The contemporary perspective puts a greater focus on the employee as the center of the employment system. Employment relations involve maintaining healthy employer-employee relations that lead to satisfactory motivation and morale. Advice is given to superiors on the dismal performance by employees as well as employee misdemeanors. Information is also given to employees on the company’s goals and objectives. All over the world, organizations exhibit disorganized employee relations systems with flaws such as over-regulation, bureaucracy and suppression of trade union activities. Most of the organizations in the world today exhibit a hybrid of the two systems: the industrial relations and the employee relations systems. The change from the traditional system to a modern system that focuses on the employee has been both positive and negative. Trade unions have a reduced impact on the employees over the years. Even though regulations by anti-union laws control the extent and scope of trade unions, their effect has waned across Australia. Changes within the structure of the economy have manipulated have changed the union membership trends. These changes have made most of the employees become offended and abandon their various union groups in the face of the ruthless reality. Human resource analysts have mentioned that unions have evolved to become unavoidable, but a disadvantage to maintain owing to the tight regulations imposed by the government. The issue of collective voice has been discussed at length by many Australian workers. They all have the right to gain information and consultation on the issues at the workplace. However, in the contemporary employment relations system, these rights are hardly exercised. The government also contributes very little towards sensitizing Australian workers on their right. Non-union workers within Australia are even worse off as they lack the support, advice and training to carry out their functions (Coats, 2012). Pluralism Scholars of industrial relations have come up with three major theoretical perspectives that assist in the understanding of the relations at the workplace. These approaches are known as radical, unitarism and pluralism. In the pluralism approach, the workplace or company is viewed as having different powerful sub-groups with each possessing their own loyalties, leaders and objectives. The most dominant sub-groups within the pluralist model are trade unions and management. The pluralistic ap proach attempts to addresses the conflictual relationship between managers and workers over the allocation of revenues and explains its different aspects. The role of the management then transforms from enforcing and coordination toward persuasion and negotiation (Mullins, 2005). Collective bargaining is used as a means of dealing with conflict. However, conflict is not necessarily deemed a terrible thing as it can be manipulated to produce positive change and evolution. This theory therefore urges managers to let conflicts play out as they hold a greater predisposition for success when compared to harmony. One of the implications of using this approach is that the company should invest in industrial relations specialists who provide advice managers on the best way to handle staffing, union and negotiation matters. The negotiation among employees and employers must also be arbitrated over by external parties. Lastly, within the pluralistic approach, unions are given recognition and provided with the platform to carry out their activities (Blanpain et al, 2009). Unitarism In the unitarism approach, the company is perceived to be one harmonious coalition of employees and employers. The approach assumes that the management and the staff are in constant harmony and share a common objective and purpose. Unitarism, unlike pluralism, demands the loyalty of all employees and being inclined to use the management to enforce this loyalty as well as emphasizing other organizational opinions. Within such environments, the trade unions are considered unnecessary as both employees and the management now that they are expected to be loyal to their organization. In such organizations, conflict is deemed as disruptive to the normal working conditions. A core assumption of this approach is that the management, staff and other stakeholders share a common objective, interest and goal. Unitarism also has a paternalistic aspect that may deny many of the employee relations actors a c hance to express their wishes and achieve their goals. As far as employees are concerned, the unitary approach has the following implications. One, the working conditions are more flexible. Two, any forms of unions are considered to be channels through which the staff and the company can communicate. Three, the employees participation is encouraged and facilitated to empower them in their functions. There is an emphasis on teamwork, creativity, innovation and problem-solving skills (Lansbury, 2012). From the employer’s position, the unitary approach has the following conditions and ramifications. The company’s policies should strive to unify, motivate and inspire employees. There should be proper communications channels along and across the management levels. The employer is also expected to establish reward systems that will entrench devotion and commitment to the firm. All conflicts arising from the staff are assumed to be due to a lack of communication and inadequat e company policies. Lastly, the employer should try as much to integrate the individual employee’s objectives into the organizations goals. Transformation in the industrial relations in Australia The Australian government has been at the forefront in debates concerning employment relations over the last two decades. The introduction of â€Å"high commitment† and â€Å"high performance† as some of the new standards into work systems emphasize the adoption of employee motivation and increased involvement. The reforms within Australian work systems have come about due to collaborative forms of innovation and forceful change due to crises. The new Labor government has also played a large part in shaping and orchestrating the reforms to a more employee-centered system (Verma, 2005). The Labor Party in the period 1983 to 1996 forged many reforms such as the formal Accord with the union organizations to allow the unions to oversee the wage demands while the state would look into economic reforms. Later on, the Labor Party opened the industrial relations field by authorizing non-union contracts in the workplace. The reforms included fostering industrial democracy and increase employee participation. The Hawke Labor government later dropped this system and adopted a policy called managed decentralism. This policy ensured the abolishment of wage indexation and the introduction of a two-tier wage system. The most affected areas were the automobile and the steel industries. At this juncture, certain laws addressing the relationship between employees and employers were adopted. The Minimum conditions of Employment Act of 1993 served as the origin of unitary reforms within the work system of Australia. Much later in 1996, the fragmented flexibility policy was adopted. This allowed a more fragmented system that had individual bargaining allowance between employers and employers. Currently, the Australian workplace has slight improvements that are based t he fragmented flexibility policy adopted in 1996. In the recent years, there has been a move to introduce management strategy as a way of dealing with industrial relations issues and challenges. This developed work system introduced new aspects such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Mines Safety and Inspection Act as well as the Workers’ Compensation and Injury Management Act. These policies address the health, safety and working conditions of workers in Australia. Currently, the thre most dominant reforms applying in the industrial relations sector include the Industrial Relations Act 197, the Employment Dispute Resolution Act 2008 and the Minimum Conditions of Employment Act 1993. References Bamber, G., Lansbury, R. D., Wailes, N. (2011). International and comparative employment relations: Globalization and change. Los Angeles: SAGE. Blanpain, R., Bromwich, W., Rymkevich, O., Spattini, S., Aparicio, V. L. (2009). The modernization of labour law and industrial relations in a comparative perspective. Austin: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Coats D. (2012) Time for a rethink: a new employment relations system for the UK. IPA. 30 September 2010. Retrieved from http://www.ipa-involve.com/news/time-for-a-rethink-a-new-employment-relations-system-for-the-uk/ Kaufman, Bruce E. (2004). Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship. Industrial Relations Research Association Lansbury R. D. (2012) Workplace change and employment relations reform in Australia: Prospects for a new Social partnership? Australian Review of Public Affairs. Retrieved from http://www.australianreview.net/journal/v1/n1/lansbury.pdf Mullins, Laurie J (2005). Management and Organizational Behavior. FT Prentice Hall. Verma A. (2005) What Do Unions Do to the Workplace? Union Impact on Management and HRM Policies. Journal of Labor Research. Retrieved from http://www.wallnetwork.ca/resources/Verma.UnionImpactOnHRM.JLR2005.pdf We will write a custom essay sample on Employment relations Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Employment relations Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Employment relations Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Disorders and Case Study

Disorders and Case Study The brain receives and responds to all stimuli of the body. Any alteration to the brain causes unusual stimuli receptions and responses. Because of that, the eating, personality, and sexual identity disorders are caused by the brain disturbances leading to abnormal communications between the brain and the respective body receptors. This paper will examine the details of the above mentioned disorders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Disorders and Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder (SGID) Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders (SGID) are disorders exhibited by individuals when they persistently and strongly desire to be the opposite sexes. SGID can be classified into two categories. 1. Children SGIDs. 2. Adult and adolescent SGIDs. The Boys may claim that their reproductive organs are irritating. At times, they may not signify their male organs. In several occasions, they reje ct male toys. Such boys prefer female individuals to male colleagues (Sue, 2006). Girls with such disorders prefer urinating while standing just as men do. They desire to possess male reproductive organs, and they dislike future growth and development of their breasts. Such girls prefer male clothing to female clothing. In adults and adolescents, the victims desire to be handled as their opposite sexes, and they have classical emotions and responses to their cross-genders. On top of that, the victims are usually concerned with changing their sex organs (Sue, 2006). The behavioral components can be attributed to individuals’ exposure to unusual sexual behaviors such watching pornography (Stone, 2011). Such behaviors can cause sexual abnormalities. For cognitive components, a person can be triggered sexually to an abnormal level, which would produce maladaptive processes to contain the detected abnormality. Therefore, the unsuitable behaviors affect the maladaptive thoughts, wh ich are needed to contain such behaviors. The concerned biological components include smoking, sicknesses, unbalanced diet, and old age (Stone, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, vulnerabilities in the endocrine system are the core causes of the SGIOs. In addition to that, unusual sexual behaviors are used as protective measures by the victims. This behavior is attributed to the poor parental care (Stone, 2011). Eating disorders Eating disorders are mental sicknesses that cause severe alterations in an individual’s daily meal. It may begin as eating exceptionally small or seriously large quantities of food. This condition may begin slowly and develop into severe levels. It can cause serious injuries in growth, fertility, mental and social health, and death. Eating disorders impact the body shape and size (Mandal, 2013). The cognitive components are concerned with overeating or starving (Stone, 2011). This is due to the perception that overeating may cause excessive weight. Some individuals with over-sized bodies may opt for starvation because they fear of gaining weight. Emotional components are incorporated in individuals whose responses and hopes are very high as initiated and supported by some people (Stone, 2011). Such individuals set high targets and experience the impacts of failure (Stone, 2011). The behavioral components include extreme starving, training, vomiting, and use of laxatives. The neural connection, genetic materials, and hormonal imbalance form the biological elements of this disorder. Brain disturbance may lead to endocrine and hormonal imbalance, which would stimulate overeating or starvation (Stone, 2011). Personality disorders Personality disorders are concerned with the convincing ways individuals think and act (Cherry, 2013). It can also mean the model of behavior that makes people different. Personal ity traits are made up of characteristic behaviors and thoughts. When this reasoning and characteristic behaviors become rigid and extreme, they form personality disorders. Personality disorders are caused by the environmental and genetic impacts (Cherry, 2013). The personality components include disrupted brain make-up, minimized volume of white and grey matter, exposure of the prenatal matter, and unusual neurotransmitter (Stone, 2011). The emotional components result from childhood abuse, which makes a person to depend on maladaptive protection methods. Therefore, child disapproval and mockery are the primary causes of this disorder. The cognitive elements indicate that childhood encounters create particular forms of thoughts, which result in this disorder.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Disorders and Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The behavioral elements show that personality disorders command unpr oductive beliefs to individuals. These beliefs are unachievable because the victim sets high targets than he, or she can manage. This abnormality is created in childhood by the thought methods and /or maladaptive behaviors. This disorder continues regardless whether or not the victim is maladaptive Stone, 2011). The Classification of all these disorders is based on the DSM-IV codes for easy identification. Joe’s Story-Eating disorder Biological components Joe’s eating disorder originated from hormonal imbalance, genetic inheritance, and unusual neural connectivity. Since he suffered from anorexia, he must have had a low level of serotonin and unusual brain make-up. Joe might have experienced brain disturbances at birth, which triggered variations in endocrine and metabolic reactions to call for starvation (World –press, 2013). Emotional components The sickness hindered Joe from attaining his playing target. This triggered an anxiety and distress, which consequen tly triggered for an abnormal eating habit. Also, he was taking cover in eating after being abused by his friends in school (World –press, 2013). Behavioral components Joe did extreme exercises to avoid weight gain. Cognitive component Joe thought that overeating would make him more masculine and good-looking. Conclusion Because of the diagnostic complexities, it is difficult to establish abnormalities. Despite that, biological and psychodynamic aspects are making it easy to define abnormalities by providing reliable evidences. The cause of sexual, personality, and eating disorders include child abuse, physical abnormalities, and genetic inheritance. These abnormalities cause a great deal of human inadequacies.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Cherry,K.(2013).Overview of personality disorder. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/personalitydisorders/a/personalitydis.htm Mandal,A(2013).What is eating disorder? Retrieved from news-medical.net/health/What-is-an-Eating-Disorder.aspx Stone,D.(2011).Psychological Musings. Retrieved from http://psychologicalmusings.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.html Sue, D. (2006). Understanding abnormal behavior. Retrieved from http://college.cengage.com/psychology/sue/abnormal/8e/instructors/sue_irm.pdf World -press. (2013).case study: Joe’s story.Retrieved from boyanorexia.com/case-study-joes-story

The Historical Formation of West Virginia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Historical Formation of West Virginia - Essay Example According to Lessing (1996) "West Virginia basically consists of two areas: namely, the western area which is called the Appalachian Plateau Province, a plateau of relatively flat-lying rocks and the eastern part in which the Valley and Ridge Province lay which consist of folded and faulted rocks. These two areas are divided by the Allegheny Front. In the eastern part of West Virginia the oldest rocks can be found and as one proceeds westward, the rocks are younger and younger". At the beginning of the Devonian Period the Helderberg group was being formed, followed by the Oriskany Formation, the Millboro Formation, the Brallier Formation, the Foreknobs Formation and the Hampshire Formation. In this report the most important geological features are being explained in a historical order. At the beginning of the Devonian time (Upper Devonian) the Helderberg Group was being formed. Baedke and Fichter (2000) state that "during the end of the previous period (which is called the Silurian Period) West Virginia had been a desert since the sea had regressed. But by the beginning of the Devonian Time the Tippecanoe sea began its major transgression, which caused a rise in sea level and as a result of this the land flooded". According to Dorobek and Read (1986) the Helderberg Group is a "is a mix of siliciclastic-carbonate sediments that was formed during a relativ stable tectonic environment, namely on a slope that consisted of low-relief tectonic highlands on the eastern side of the Appalachian Plateau Province. Dorobek at al. state that the Helderberg Group lasted bout 8-10 million years. In this timeperiod three transgressive-regressive eras can be distinguished from each other. Each sequence was shaped over 2-3 million years. Finally the Helderberg Group was buried by t hick Middle Devonian siliciclastic sediments". "By the end of the Upper Devonian Period the sea level had reduced again because of a major regression of the Tippecanoe sea. Rocks that had been deposited in West Virginia were removed because of erosion. Pure black quartz sand was spread across West Virginia through which the Oriskany formation was formed. This all happened during a rare period of tectonic stability" (Baedke and Fichter (2000)). "Brame 2001 claims that at the beginning of the Middle Devonian Period the sea level changed again because of transgression of the sea. Through the rise of the sealevel the Millboro sequence, a deep water black shale, could be formed" (pp25-26). During the end of the Middle Devonian Period (when the tectonics where unstable again) and the beginning of the Lower Devonian Period the Brallier sequence was formed. According to Brame (2001) "a part of the Brallier Formation, namely the Back Creek Silt-stone Member, has been formed by a tectonically caused clastic wedge. Brame (2001) states that another sequence of the Brallier Formation, namely the Minnehaha Springs Member, has been formed by erosion as a result of sea-level regressions" (pp27-29). During the Lower Devonian Period, when the shoreline was shifting, the Foreknobs Formation was deposited in a shelf environment. "The Foreknobs exist according to Brame (2001) of siltstone and sandstone. Brame (2001) adds that "the Foreknobs Formation was separated into five sequences: namely, the Mallow, Briery Gap, Blizzard, Pound Sandstone, and Red Lick. The Foreknobs Forma

Middle East Conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East Conflicts - Essay Example Though history is replete with the countless wars fought between the followers belonging to divergent faiths, where both the sides asserted their claim to be the people of God, yet the Middle East crisis have witnessed over two centuries long clashes along with six decades long bloody struggle between the Jews and Muslims. Consequently, four wars have been fought between the two communities in order to win complete domination and hold in the region. Took place in 1948, 1967, 1973 and 2006, the Arab-Israel conflicts are the worst precedents of wars in the name of religion. Historical Background: During 19th century, when the nationalist movements began to emerge in Europe and Jews were being persecuted in Austria, Prussia and England by the orthodox Christians, the Jews started dreaming of acquiring their separate homeland, where no one could gather courage to hurt, humiliate and discard their community. Thus the Zionist movement came into being by the end of nineteenth century. The Jews started to shifting to Palestine and purchased land there en mass. Initially, the Arabs allowed them live side by side with them, but due to the continuous increase in Jewish population, the Arab nationalism emerged, and the young generation started resistance against further Jewish immigration in the region. Twentieth century brought the news of independence for countless nations in the aftermath of two Great Wars between the then superpowers of the world, which had weakened the UK, Germany, France, Austria and Japan. Palestine was under the subjugation of the Ottoman Empire till 1917, which was captured by the Allied Forces in the aftermath of WWI. The big powers allow the Jews to enter their ‘promised land’ Israel in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, the most sacred area for Jews on the earth. It was really perturbing for the Arabs, who had been in majority and political domination in the entire region for