Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

People of the world have always faced both types of disasters, natural as well as man-made. Man-made disasters were not prevalent in ancient times. Man-made disasters are the results of industrial and material progress. Natural and man-made disasters equally play havoc on human in modern times. Sometimes, a man-made disaster has bigger impact than natural disaster. The cause of natural disaster is natural with man-made disaster is caused by man himself. Man-made disasters include leakage of oil in the sea, nuclear explosion, leakage of poisonous gases and chemical, fire, floods created by dams etc. Man-made disasters are avoidable. They may be averted if man works efficiently and carefully. On the other hand we have no control over a natural disaster. They include earthquake, tsunami, flood, typhoon, hurricane, tempest, avalanches, land slide etc. Man cannot avert them. However, it should be noted that some natural disaster are indirectly the result of man’s activities. For example draught may be the cause of cutting of forests. Thus, the number of man-made disasters is greater than natural disaster. Natural disasters like tsunami and earth quake plays havoc on life and property. Sometimes, millions of lives are lost in these disasters. Certainly, there are some measures to minimize the impact of natural disaster. But they cannot be averted altogether. A natural activity is not termed as a natural disaster until it has impact on human. For example, a volcano eruption at an uninhibited place is not a natural disaster. It is a natural event surely. Natural disasters are aggravated in the condition of unpreparedness on the part of man. A natural disaster has a bigger impact when man is not prepared for it. For example, earthquake cannot be predicted beforehand. It may engulf a large number of people at night while they are sleeping in their homes. A hurricane or a tornado gives opportunity for preparation to face it. Man-made disasters are caused by human activities. They may be in smaller magnitude such as a forest fire which has less impact and may be colossal such as the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Man-made disasters are brought unknowingly as well as knowingly. Accidents happen due to negligence on the part of man. The Bhopal Gas tragedy is a result of an accident which played a havoc on the local residence. In the modern world, terrorism is considered as a cause of man-made disaster. The 9/11 attack of terrorism on WTO is a kind of man-made disaster which took the lives of thousands of people. This was a crime of man against man. Terrorism has taken the lives of millions of people all over the world. So, crime may also be considered as a man-made disaster. Wars are another kind of natural disaster. Millions of people have been killed in the wars during the last one hundred years. These wars were not accidents. They were fought intentionally to kill people. They are the shame on people who caused them.

Confidentiality, Multiple Relationships, Conflict of Interest Essay

You are a counseling psychologist. One day, a 19 year old daughter had knocked on your office door and asked for some advice. You notice that she is Lily, your nephew. She is almost crying when she entered your room. It is important to note that this nephew of yours had become an intern in your clinic 6 months ago. This made you hesitant to accept her in your counsel. However, you decide to let her in. After some 10 minutes of just crying, she told you that she was raped by her boyfriend one week before that consultation. Upon hearing that, she urgently told you that you don’t want to tell that to her parents, meaning your sister (you and her mother are sisters). She decided not to pursue any criminal charges against her boyfriend and will just leave and forget the issue. She still loves her boyfriend and decided to stick with him despite the crime. She told you that she only consults you because she just wants someone who is professional that she can share her burden who can guarantee that the secret will not be told on other people. You suddenly remember that you already met her boyfriend in one family affair. At that time, you have a feeling inside that that guy has some mental abnormality. Subtlety, you are against their relationship. At this moment, you are undecided about the issue. You are unsure if you are going to keep the confidentiality of the case of your client which turned to be a former intern in your clinic and at the same time your nephew.

Advertising fast food to children Essays

Advertising fast food to children Essays Advertising fast food to children Essay Advertising fast food to children Essay Essay on the ethical statements refering the limitation of the advertisement of fast nutrient to kids. 2000 words. This paper examines the altering face of consumer-facing markets, concentrating peculiarly on the increasing force per unit areas for concerns to move both ethically, and responsibly. The peculiar illustration being considered here is that of fast nutrient and confectionary selling to kids, with UK markets supplying the primary empirical focal point. The paper will put out to analyze the groundswhythese force per unit areas are escalating at this clip, whether such tendencies have any logical or theoretical unity, and whether they are sustainable in concern footings. It will try to make so within the established models of some relevant ethical theory, taking history of Virtue moralss, Deontological moralss, and Teleological moralss, every bit good as Utilitarian moralss. Consequently, it will pay peculiar attending to the thought of a binary classification of ethical theoretical accounts, i.e. non-consequentialist or consequentialst – as proposed by Fischer and Lovell. As the latter argue, non-consequentialist moralss †¦determine what is right and incorrect from preset rules and criterions. They take no respect of the effects of an action†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ . Meanwhile, consequentialist moralss †¦measure the rightness of a thing harmonizing to whether it brings us close to†¦a desired state.’ ( Fischer and Lovell, 2006: p.101 ) . This paper concludes by reasoning that neither authorities nor supra-national bureaus can run any strictly ethical policies in this peculiar market, and that important behavioral alteration can merely have at an single degree. As the Parliamentary Office of Science and engineering puts it, Obesity occurs when an single takes in more energy than they expend, although some people are genetically more susceptible†¦the WHO/FAO expert group found converting grounds that high consumption of energy dense nutrients is a hazard factor†¦it besides found that heavy selling of fast nutrients and high consumptions of sugar sweetened drinks were likely hazard factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ( Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2003: p.2. ) To such mensural appraisals can be added the more alarmist commentaries in the mainstream UK imperativeness: as theDaily Mailobserves, Obesity rates in Britain are soaring†¦Despite Government warnings that we are turning into a state of sofa murphies and put on the lining obesity-related unwellnesss such as bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease, our waistlines maintain growing.’ (Daily Mail2007 ) . The authorities itself, holding banned smoking from public topographic points, and fought a running conflict with the accredited industry over responsible intoxicant ingestion, has so far had small tummy for intercession in big diets. It is a different affair, nevertheless, in the instance of kids. In 2006, Caroline Flint, so curate for public wellness, told the influential Food Advertising Unit s one-year conference that the authorities would watch closely how companies complied with Ofcom s infliction of a nine o’clock watershed on fast nutrient publicities. We re clearly traveling to be supervising in footings of its impact’ warned Ms Flint, adding that she would be happy to see healthier sorts of nutrient and drink merchandises advertised to kids. There are some existent opportunities’ she said, noting that food market retail merchants had done a good occupation of †¦marketing healthier foods.’ ( Wiggins 2006: n.p. ) . However, as some perceivers closely associated with the attempted reform of dietetic gustatory sensations observe, the overall statistics mask more complex forms of ingestion mediated through societal category, context, income and chance. Liam Black, a close concern associate of dietetic candidate and famous person chef Jamie Oliver, warns that, †¦Obesity can non be driven back with a program for virally marketing Italian nutrient formulas scribbled on a impudent chart, as Mr. Oliver appears to believe. The hapless man’s diet is non the consequence of a deficiency of will but a symptom of a broader societal malaise†¦You can’t merely ride in on an organically-fed Equus caballus and hole it.’ ( Guthrie 2008: n.p. ) . However, where it has direct influence or control, for illustration in a school environment, it can be argued that the authorities does so hold a authorization and duty to step in. It has done so substantively through its Healthy Schools Programme, Schools Fruit and Ve getable Scheme, and the Physical Education, School Sport Club links programme ( PESSCL ) . ( Teachernet 2008: n.p. ) . What so are the ethical issues for those involved in the selling and publicity of fast nutrient to kids? Of the theoretical accounts outlined above, which may be most usefully applied in this instance? As Fischer and Lovell point out, Virtue moralss is non a system of regulations, but†¦a set of personal features that†¦will guarantee that the person is likely to do the right’ pick within any ethically complex situation.’ ( Fischer and Lovell, 2006: p.102 ) . In its strictest footings, the demand implicit in Deontological Ethics proscribes the net income maximization which fast nutrient concerns are, logically, edge to prosecute. However, as Fischer and Lovell besides indicate. One possible manner out of this cul-de-sac is to make a hierarchy of categorical jussive moods. In this manner the categorical jussive mood of always tell the truth’ would be inferior to the categorical jussive mood of †¦lie if it will salvage an guiltless life’ . ( Fis cher and Lovell, 2006: p.111 ) . Meanwhile Teleological moralss, as the same governments indicate, †¦combine an purpose to work towards an terminal with a peculiar position of what establishments are necessary to accomplish it†¦This term means that the rightness or goodness of an action is non intrinsic to that action but can merely be judged by its consequences.’ ( Fischer and Lovell, 2006: p.124 ) . When these ideal type’ ethical places are considered, it shortly becomes clear that the chase of commercial or corporate terminals sits uncomfortably with an direct application of Virtue, Deontological or Teleological moralss. Does the staying theoretical account, that of Utilitarian moralss, supply a clearer analysis? Again, it may be helpful to mention to Fischer and Lovell’s perceptual experience of what they see as act utilitarianism’ . One danger of Utilitarianism, which cost-benefit analysis is designed to turn to, is that organisations seek to maximisea goodinstead thanthe good.’ ( Fischer and Lovell, 2006: p.131 ) . Arguably, it is the useful place to which the authorities can put claim in trying to restrict the selling of fast nutrient to kids. In a typical theoretical account of official intercession, it is neer rather that simple nevertheless. In its most basic signifier, Benthamite utilitarianism would raise a greatest felicity of the greatest number-type’ policy government. In other words, facts would be elicited by official question, and thesalus populisought through calibrated statute law, with cardinal grants to single autonomy. Commercial and financial force per unit areas would so encroach on the procedure, including ( intelligibly ) opaque buttonholing from the fast nutrient corporations themselves. For illustration, from a wellness position, there can be few useful statements for the continued right to smoke. For a assortment of grounds nevertheless, there remains small chance of the authorities wholly censoring it. The instance of fast nutrient is arguably a more complex one, with the positive and negative statements less clearly defined. Although the general bias would likely keep that fast nutrientdoescontribute to fleshiness, diabetes, and other wellness jobs, the load of cogent evidence in single instances lies really much with the anti-fast nutrient anteroom at present. For illustration, consecutive American legal instances seeking punitory amendss from nutrient ironss have so far borne no fruit, although, as Grant studies, †¦the determination ( to continue the claimant’s instance ) puts the fast nutrient companies back in the sauteing pan, at least temporarily, it merely allows the claims to last procedurally for one more unit of ammunition of discovery†¦.It was still unsure how far the test tribunal will let find to come on before. . . sing dismissal†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ( Grant 2005: n.p. ) . As Wiggins studies, new airing guidelines have besides prompted originative response s from makers, such as the increased usage of digital selling: Pepsi’s picture web site www.maxyourlife.com is a cardinal illustration. ( Wiggins 2006: n.p. ) Meanwhile, apparently benign and ethical promotional runs such as Cadbury’sGet Activeverifiers, in world offered kids a free volleyball in return for devouring the equivalent of 5,440 bars of cocoa. ( Lee et al 2005: p.211 ) . Taking this sort of activity into history, it is clear that official force per unit areas on fast nutrient selling may be the soft option for authoritiess caught between useful force per unit areas and broad expedience. From a corporate point of view, the job is more clear cut. As Altman observes, using a Kantian analysis: From a Kantian position, a corporation can hold no duty at all. Insofar as it is a tool, and a good tool performs its designated map good, a good corporation maximizes net incomes for its shareholders.’ ( Altman 2007: p.261 ) In the concluding analysis, the outlook that corporate endeavors will one-sidedly withdraw from moneymaking markets fails to admit the existent nature of the typical council chamber moral force, and the hegemony of stockholders in seeking dividends. As Monks and Minow point out, stockholders should try to maximize contestability in the corporate paradigm by seeking board members who will replace under-performing troughs when necessary , and by replacing board members who will non accept this responsibility.’ ( Monks and Minow, 2004: p.516 ) . The restriction of fast nutrient selling through the media may good hold – in little portion at least – the coveted consequence on children’s diets. There is small grounds at present nevertheless, that their appetency for – or ingestion of – fast nutrient, is decreasing. As Wiggins studies, †¦KFC s determination to cut back on advertisement to kids does non look to hold had an impact on its concern. The group s portion of the UK fast nutrient market rose to 12.4 per cent in 2005 from 11.9 per cent in 2002 ’ ( Wiggins 2006: n.p. ) . It may besides be argued that implementing dietetic alteration is non truly the map of selling controls, which simply illustrate the bounds of authorities authorization over what is basically a affair of single pick. Whereasanybaccy ingestion is deemed medically harmful, merely continuedover-ingestion of fat, salt and sugar can hold the same consequence. The authorities therefore has no authorization for legislative intervention in retailing, where such simple binary determinations but healthy/unhealthy are non applicable. Conversely, the fast nutrient ironss have strong inducements to collaborate with official guidelinesbeforeauthorities is forced to pass. An illustration of this occurred in New York City, where Board of Health h earings prompted the matter-of-fact backdown of unreal trans fats or hydrogenated oils from KFC mercantile establishments. ( Foster 2006: n.p. ) The same discretional moderateness of marketing proverb KFC stop its policy of offering playthings as portion of its Kids Choice’ bill of fare. ( Wiggins 2006: n.p. ) . In world, informedgovernments know that superficial dietetic counsel can non be a replacement for the deep social intercession required. As IASCO and the British Medical Association jointly express it, †¦Interventions at the household or school degree will necessitate to be matched by alterations in the societal and cultural context so that the benefits can be sustained and enhanced. Such bar schemes will necessitate a co-ordinated attempt between the medical community, wellness decision makers, instructors, parents, nutrient manufacturers and processors, retail merchants and caterers, advertizers and the media, diversion and athletics contrivers, urban designers, metropolis contrivers, politicians and legislators.’ ( IASCO 2008: n.p. ) . If this is accepted, it will necessitate much more than a nine o’clock media watershed for fast nutrient selling, to control childhood fleshiness. Bibliography Altman, M.C. , ( 2007 ) , The Decomposition of the Corporate Body’ ,Journal of Business Ethical motives,Vol.74, No.3, pp.253-266, Springer, USA. Blythman, J. , ( 2005 ) ,Shopped: The Shocking Power of British Supermarkets, Harper Perrenial, London. Cadbury-Schweppes, ( 2006 ) , Corporate and Social Responsibility Report, London. Carroll A.B. and Buchholz A. ( 2003 ) ,Business and Society: Ethical motives and Stakeholder direction, 5th Ed, Thomson: South-Western. Chryssides, G.D. and Kaler, J.H. ( Eds ) , ( 1993 )An Introduction to Business Ethical motives, Chapman and Hall, London. Daily Mail14ThursdayAugust 2007. De George, R. T. , ( 1995 ) ,Business Ethical motives,4ThursdayEdition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Donaldson, T. , and Werhane, P.H. , ( 1988 ) ,Ethical Issues in Business: A Philosophical Approach,Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Bouckaert, L. , ( 1994 ) , Business and Community’ in Harvey, B. , ( 1994 ) , ( erectile dysfunction ) ,Business Ethical motives, a European Approach,Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ. pp.154-191. Fisher, C. , Lovell, A. , ( 2006 ) ,Business Ethical motives and Valuess, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, London. Foster, L. , NYC Considers ban on unhealthy fats’ ,Financial Times,31 Oct 2006, INTERNET, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7d22d2ae-6885-11db-90ac-0000779e2340.html [ viewed 12.10.08 ] , n.p. Grant, J. , Fast-food Sellerss fear the fat will get down actioning them’ ,Financial Times,1stFeb 2005, INTERNET, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/0/416e23a0-74a1-11d9-a769-00000e2511c8.html [ viewed 12.10.08 ] , n.p. Guthrie, J. , Man in the intelligence: Jamie Oliver’ ,Financial Times,3 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/0/069bcf58-9175-11dd-b5cd-0000779fd18c.html, [ viewed 12.10.08 ] n.p. Harvey, B. , ( 1994 ) , ( erectile dysfunction ) ,Business Ethical motives, a European Approach,Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ. Hooley, G. , Saunders, J. , A ; Piercy, N. , ( 2004 )Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning( 3rdEdition ) Prentice Hall, Essex. IASCO, International Association for the Study of Obesity,Childhood Obesity Sydney Principles Consultation,INTERNET, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iotf.org/childhoodobesity.asp [ viewed 14.10.08 ] , n.p. John Lewis Partnership Plc Annual Report and Accounts, 2007. Lee, K. , Carter, S. , ( 2005 ) , Global Marketing Management: Changes, Challenges and New Strategies, Oxford, p.211. Monks, R. , and Minow, N. , ( 2004 ) ,Corporate Administration, Basil Blackwell, Oxford. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, ( 2003 ) , Childhood Obesity’ ,Postnote,Sept, No.5. Post, J. , Lawrence, A.T. , and Weber, J. , ( 2002 ) ,Business and Society: Corporate Strategy, Public Policy, Ethics,McGraw Hill, Boston. J.Sainsbury Plc, Annual Report and Financial Statement 2005. Teachernet, ( 2008 ) , Tackling the growing in childhood obesity’ , INTERNET, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.teachernet.gov.uk/wholeschool/healthyliving/obesity/ [ viewed 12.10.08 ] , n.p. Varley, R. , ( 2001 ) ,Retail Product Management, Routledge, London. Wiggins, J. , Fast Food Chains Curb Targeting of Children’ ,Financial Times,15 Nov 2006, INTERNET, available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/0/421ffd10-744e-11db-8dd7-0000779e2340.html [ viewed 12.10.08 ] , n.p.

Economic factors that affect Tourism

Economic factors that affect Tourism Introduction Tourism is an essential element of economic growth and development of any given country in the contemporary world. A majority of developing countries rely heavily on tourism for government’s revenue. Tourism sector ranks as the leading sector in the creation of jobs, source of foreign exchange, and cultural development in many developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Economic factors that affect Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are three major types of tourism, which include leisure, exploration, and educational tourism (Sustaining Tourism 2013). Leisure tourism is the most common type of tourism where tourists visit attractive places for holiday and relaxation purposes. Exploration tourism is a type of tourism that is often undertaken by researchers and scientists for exploration purposes in different parts of the world (Balaguer Cantavell-Jorda 2002). Exploration tourism is often associated with discovery tours whereby a tourist is more after discovering new things rather than having pleasure. Finally, educational tourism is the most common type of tourism that is undertaken by young people in different types of the world. Its main aim lies in educational purposes in a selected destination country and visas expire after the ending of the educational course being undertaken. Various economic factors affect tourism either directly or indirectly, but they depend largely on the nature of tourism as shown in this paper. Economic Factors That Affect Tourism A tour operator should consider various economic factors in the selection of a tourist destination for holidays, education, and exploration. However, some factors are directly related to the economic growth and development of the country of destination, but these factors have an indirect influence in the relationship between economic factors and tourism. The first economic factor that needs to be considered is the political environment of the destination country (World Bank 2005). Politics play a major role in the growth and development of any country in the world. Nature of politics determines the behaviours of stock and foreign exchange markets in the sense that stable political environment attract foreign investors, while unstable political arena forces foreign investors to pull out of the economy. The case is the same for tourism whereby stable political environment is conducive for tourism activities, whereas unstable politics pose insecurity threats to the tourism sector (Todaro 2005).Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, a prudent tourist operator cannot recommend such a destination due to low demand of international and domestic tourism. Developing nations are worst hit by political crises and especially during the electioneering period s. During such periods, the political environments are unstable and unpredictable, and in most cases, such an environment creates anxiety in economic activities (Lokman Hatemi 2005). In such situations, countries with bad historical politics are worst hit by economic downturns as foreign investors and other locals suspend their economic activities for fear of adverse effects of bad politics. Hence, demand for tourism declines rapidly during such periods until when there is an assurance of political stability. Secondly, international security is a great factor that determines the nature of demand for both foreign and local tourism. International security is mostly determined by two crucial elements, which include political environment and threats of terror. Political environment that poses a threat to international security comes from civic wars whereby governments engage in local battles with militia and rebels like the current situation in Syria. In such a case, international comm unity is obliged to move into the rescue of the oppressed, and thus posing international security threat (Arellano Bond 2002). On the other hand, threats of terror attacks are currently the leading cause of security threat across the world. Any given country is a potential target for terror attacks, but awareness depends on international security intelligence and wherever a warning is issued on potentiality of a country being attacked by terrorists, tourist operators do not recommend for tourism activities in such destinations. Terrorism attacks have long-term adverse effects on the tourism industry for a county takes a long time to assure foreigners of its security (Ardahaey 2011). In additional to security matters, individual security is also a matter of great concern in selecting a tourist destination. Security has a direct relationship to both the economic growth and development and tourism. There have been cases where locals have attacked and robbed tourists of their belonging s and in such cases, tourist operators do not recommend for such destinations. Tourism sector is very sensitive to security matters and it is always recommendable for governments to ensure that effective security policies are in place for assuring tourism safety.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Economic factors that affect Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thirdly, economic growth and development of a tourist destination is an important factor used in determining a tourist destination by the tourism operators. Economic growth and development is the mother of all other factors of tourism destinations, but looking on the trend, economic recession implies that economic growth is deteriorating and hence a threat to tourism. In such situations, foreign investors pull out of markets, thus causing a major blow to economic stability. Worst still, economic recession often leads to political instability and in cas e of economic stability and boom trends, tourists are attracted into an economy. The fourth important factor of tourism is the nature of the hospitality industry at the tourist destination in question. This aspect mostly affects leisure tourism whereby tourists demand an environment that is peaceful for relaxation. Hospitality is necessary for assurance of security and goodness of wellbeing to tourists (Visit Britain 2013. It is important to have excellent hotels that are located nearby the tourist attraction sites in order for tourists to consider such a tourist destination. Hospitality industry is directly related to the economic growth of a country for an economically stable country is capable of offering high quality hospitality services to tourists. The world’s most developed countries are leading in the hospitality industry, as they are capable of building excellent hotels that offer excellent accommodation facilities to the tourists (Durbarry 2004). This case is very d ifferent for most of the third world economies. The fifth crucial economic factor that affects tourism is the infrastructural conditions in the tourist destination countries. It is necessary to have good infrastructure at the points of tourist accommodation, which would include availability of power, clean water supply, and excellent transport network. In addition, health infrastructure is also a matter of concern for tourists and it should be considered when selecting the tourism destination. The developed nations are better placed for the provision of good infrastructure that is necessary for tourists than their counterparts.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tourists require excellent facilities that meet the international standards; unfortunately, such facilities are not easily available in the third world countries (Mason 2002). Third world countries are often forced to allocate more funds to developing the tourism industry than other crucial sectors and thus creating an imbalance of government spending, but the case is different for the developed countries. The sixth economic factor that affects tourism is the nature of tourist attraction sites in a given destination. For the case of leisure tourism, a tourist is often motivated by the nature of attraction sites at the destination. In the modern world, few tourist attraction sites are in their natural states, thus implying that economic conditions have contributed in the development of major attraction sites in the world (Dieke 2004). Third world countries enjoy the natural tourist attraction sites such as wildlife, sunny and sandy beaches, and attractive geographical features. Vario us studies indicate that these countries have done very little to modify these sites from their natural states, but done a lot to conserve them (Cunado Garcia 2006). However, the case is different for the majority of developed countries that have artificial tourist attraction sites such as artificial islands, hotels, and mega structures. The difference between the two classes of economy has played a major role in the development of tourist attraction sites. The seventh economic factor of tourism is the foreign exchange rates at the destination. Foreign exchange and bank interest rates are in most cases determined by demand and supply of foreign exchange in an economy (Greene William 2000). This aspect has a direct effect to the cost of tourism in a destination. For the cases of strong local currency, the foreign tourists are required to pay for goods and services and hence may evade such destinations. Studies have shown that third world counties are the cheapest destinations for fo reign tourists as they often have weaker currencies when compared to the currencies of the developed countries (Raymond 2001). This aspect explains the major reason why tourists rarely visit economies with strong currencies as they have expensive goods and services to customers. However, the case is different for first class hotel industries, which have standardised the costs of services. The eighth economic factor that affects tourism is the social factors that have direct effects on the tourism industry. Social factors include health of the locals, public hospitality, and social development in terms of literacy. Social wellbeing depends on the state of a country’s economic status and thus this factor is linked to economic determinants of a tourism destination. A flourished economy often has good social wellbeing that is conducive for tourism activities in an economy. A country that cannot ensure good health for its citizens cannot be recommended as a destination that is con ducive for tourism due to exposure to health risks. Countries whose citizens are known to be welcoming to tourists such as Kenya are more likely to attract tourists than those countries whose citizens are not welcoming. Literacy level is crucial for the tourism sector as tourists use international languages for communication (Cunado Garcia 2006). Illiteracy hinders effective communication between tourists and the locals and this aspect could discourage tourists from visiting a destination. Conclusion The growth and development of tourism depends entirely on the economic and development of a tourist destination. However, other crucial factors affect tourism, and such factors are more related to the social and political aspects that also have a direct relationship with the economic growth and development of a destination. It would be prudent to state that tourism is largely determined by economic factors since economic factors determine all other crucial factors that are necessary fo r tourism. Reference List Ardahaey, F 2011, ‘Economic Impacts of Tourism Industry’, International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 6 no. 8, pp. 123-145. Arellano, M Bond, S 2002, Panel Data Estimation using DPD for Oxford, Nuffield College Publishers, Oxford. Balaguer, J Cantavell-Jorda, M 2002, ‘Tourism as a Long-run Growth Factor: The Spanish Case’, Applied Economics, vo.34 no. 7, pp.877-884. Cunado, J Garcia, F 2006, ‘Real Convergence in Africa in the second-half of the 20th century,’ Journal of Economics and Business, vol.58 no. 8, pp.153-167. Dieke, P 2004, ‘Tourism in Africa’s Economic Development: Policy Implication’, Management Decision, vol.41 no.3, pp.287-295. Durbarry, R 2004, ‘Tourism and Economic Growth: The Case of Mauritius’, Tourism Economics, vol.10 no.3, pp.389-401. Greene, A William, H 2000, Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, London. Lokman, G Hatemi, A 2005, ‘Is the touri sm-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey’, Applied Economics, vol.12 no. 2, pp. 499-504. Mason, J 2002, Qualitative Researching, SAGE, London. Raymond Y 2001, ‘Estimating the impact of economic factors on tourism: evidence from Hong Kong’, Tourism Economics, vol.7 no. 3, pp.277–293. Sustaining Tourism: Demand for Sustainable Tourism 2013, Web. Todaro, M 2005, Economic Development, Addison-Wesley Publishers, London. World Bank 2005, World Development Indicators 2005, World Bank, Washington, DC. Visit Britain: Traveller Tips 2013. Web.

The Complete Guide to AP Environmental Science FRQs

The Complete Guide to AP Environmental Science FRQs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP Environmental Science is one of the most popular AP classes, but it has the lowest average score among test takers. In fact, more than half of students who take the exam don’t pass it.Oftentimes, the hardest part of the exam is the free-response section which students struggle with because they aren’t sure what to expect or what information graders are looking for.Fortunately, this guide can help. I’ll go over each type of AP Environmental Science FRQ, give sample problems and explanations, and end with tips you should follow in order to get your best score. What’s the Format of the AP Environmental Science Free-Response Section? On the day of the AP exam, your test will have two sections. First, you will have 90 minutes to answer 100 multiple-choice questions, then you’ll move onto the free-response section. Here's the format of the free-response section: 90 minutes total No calculator allowed Includes four questions: 1 document-based question The document-based question will give you a document or an excerpt from a document and ask you questions based on information it contains. The document can be a newspaper article, brochure, or something similar. 1 data set question This question will include data you must analyze and interpret. The data may be in a table, graph, chart, or stated within the question. Parts of the question will require calculations; parts will not. 2 synthesis and evaluation questions These are similar to the document-based question, except they won’t include outside documents. They sometimes include graphs or tables, however, you won’t be expected to do calculations for these types of questions. The free-response section is worth a total of 40% of your score. Most questions are worth 9-11 points, but each question is weighted equally, so each of the four questions will be worth 10% of your final score. In the free-responsesection, you’re expected to show reasoning and analytical skills, as well as the ability to synthesize information from multiple sources into coherent essays. AP Environmental Science FRQExamples Below are each of the three types of free-response questions you’ll see on the AP exam. For each question, I’ll go through the answer step-by-step so you can see how points are earned. Document-Based Question You’ll know the document-based question because it is typically the first question asked and it’ll have that â€Å"torn piece of paper† graphic you see above.Fortunately, compared to many other AP tests, the documents on AP Enviro exams tend to be quite short and there’s only one, so you should be able to read through it quickly.In this case, it looks like the document is part of an article from the Fremont Examiner that was printed in May 2013. Part A: Part A is worth four points: You’ll earn a point for each of the two activities you list and a point for each of the two explanations you give on how the activity alters sediment flow. In order to earn the full four points, the two activities must be reasonable human activities that can alter natural sediment flow, and your explanations must accurately explain how each activity would change the flow of sediment. There are a lot of different answers you could put; here’s a sample answer: Activity 1: Building Dams. Effect on flow of sediments: Building dams could block the flow of sediments from upstream, which would then decrease the sediment downstream of the dam and potentially starve the coast of nutrients. Building dams can also prevent flooding that would allow sediment to be deposited on the floodplain as well as decrease increase flow velocity which can increase erosion downstream. Activity 2: Water Extraction. Effect on flow of sediments: Overuse or over pumping of water can reduce river flows, which in turn decreases the sediment load to the Gulf. Note that you don’t have to write complete paragraphs for every question. It’s enough to clearly label the different parts of your answer and give a thorough explanation. Part B: Part B is worth two points, one point for each description. (Be aware that they’re asking for ecological impacts, not economic impacts). A potential answer could be: 1. Loss of coastal habitats that certain plant and animal species need to survive 2. Increased flooding of coastal wetlands due to the loss of beaches and barrier islands For this answer, you don’t even need to give complete sentences. For the free-response section, don’t add a lot of fluff to your answers thinking it’ll raise your score. Graders are looking for specific points, and the easier you make it to find your answers, the easier they’ll be able to award you points. Part C: Part C has three different parts within it; let’s break them down one by one. (i)This part is worth two points, and you get them just by listing two environmental impacts fertilizer has on the Gulf of Mexico’s marine ecosystem.Potential answer: Increased algae growth and lower dissolved oxygen (ii)This is almost the same as the above question, except now you’re listing economic instead of environmental impacts.Potential answer: decreased property values and increased seafood prices due to lower seafood supply. (iii)For the final part of this question, worth one point, you have to give a strategy to reduce the flow of nutrients into the Mississippi River (besides reducing fertilizer).Potential answer: Add green roofs to reduce runoff. As you’ve probably noticed, document-based questions are pretty straightforward and can usually be answered in a few words or a sentence or two. The key is to pay attention to exactly what the question is asking, going into enough depth to completely answer the question, and making it easy for graders to find each of your answers to the different parts of the question. Make it easy for the graders to find your answers. Data Set Question This is when you'll need to do some calculations. As a reminder, no calculator is allowed on this exam. The good news is that this means that the calculations you’ll need to complete will likely be much simpler than those of other AP science exams. Typically, you’ll only need to complete simple algebraic expressions to solve the problem. Part A: For the first part of this question, worth two points, you don’t need to do any calculations; you just need to list two pollutants that fit the description in the question. Examples: fertilizers, animal feces, pesticides, gasoline, road salts, etc. Part B: Here’s where you’ll complete your first calculation. You can earn one point for correctly setting up the question (so be sure to show your work!) and one point for the correct answer. This is a basic volume question. To answer it, you’ll need to know that the volume of a rectangular solid (which is roughly the shape of most parking lots) is length * width * height. From the question, we know that length= 200m and width=100m, and since we’re calculating based on a 5cm rainfall, width = 5cm. However, these measurements don’t all have the same unit! Before we calculate volume, we have to convert 5cm to meters. 5cm * (1m/100cm)= 0.05m Since there are 100 cm in a meter, this is a pretty simple calculation, but don’t be tempted to skip it and just writedown .05m. Be sure to show your work! If you don’t, you won’t get the maximum number of points. Now that we have all the pieces of info we need, with the correct units, we can plug those numbers into the volume equation: V= 200m * 100m * .05m = $\1000m^{3}$ Part C: You’ll need to complete another volume calculation for this part. This question wants to know the volume of runoff for the entire community, not just the parking lot. As in Part B, this question is also worth two points, one for correctly setting up the question and one for giving the correct answer. We’ll still use our handy V=lwh equation to find the volume of a rectangular solid. We know that the area of Fremont (so length * width) is $\10km^{2}$ , which we’ll need to convert to $\m^{2}$ $\10km^{2}$ * ($\1,000,000m^{2}$/1 $\km^{2}$) = $\10,000,000m^{2}$ We know that height is still .05m, based on part B, so now we can plug our numbers into the volume equation. V = $\10,000,000m^{2}$ * .05m = $\500,000m^{3}$ But, we’re not done yet! Remember, only 20% is covered by impervious surfaces, which we are told to assume are the only areas that generate runoff.So, first, we have to figure out the area of impervious surfaces in Fremont. This just involves finding 20% of Fremont’s total volume: $\500,000m^{3}$ * 0.2= $\100,000m^{3}$ Part D: Part D is worth one point, and, to get that point, you have to give the correct answer with your work shown.This is another question about volumes, but you don’t need to calculate any volumes this time, you just have to do some simple addition and subtraction. Since the treatment plant can treat up to $\10,000m^{3}$ of sewage and storm water a day, and it receives $\5,000m^{3}$ of sewage daily, the runoff that bypasses the plant is the amount of total runoff plus the $\5,000m^{3}$ of regular sewage minus the $\10,000m^{3}$ that would get treated. Runoff that bypasses the plant = Total runoff + $\5,000m^{3}$ - $\10,000m^{3}$ We calculated runoff from the parking lot and the community in part c ($\100,000m^{3}$), so we just need to plug that value in. Runoff that bypasses the plant = $\100,000m^{3}$ + $\5,000m^{3}$ - $\10,000m^{3}$ = $\95,000m^{3}$ Part E: Possible answers: Create wetlands to absorb storm water Install rain barrels and cisterns to collect storm water Install green roofs or rooftop gardens to use storm water Part F: To earn part F’s one point, you must give an environmental problem that occurs when there are extensive paved areas. Possible answers: Erosion caused by flooding or excess runoff Habitat destruction caused by the removal of vegetation Hopefully this sewer is better-prepared for storm water than Fremont's sewer system is. Synthesis and Evaluation Question As a reminder, there are two synthesis and evaluation questions on each AP exam. Here's an example of one: Part A: You can earn up to two points, one for each characteristic. Possible answers:Complex food webs, greater genetic diversity, large number of different species Part B: Part B is worth four points, one point for each activity you provide (up to two) and one point for correctly explaining how each activity results in a loss of biodiversity. Note that you’ll have to use your answers forthis part to come up with your answer for part C, so you may want to take that into account when you’re thinking about which activities to list. This is part of the reason why skimming through the entire question before you begin answering can be very helpful! Possible answers: Activity 1: Logging/deforestation. Explanation: Reduces habitat for many species and causes habitat fragmentation. Activity 2: Introduction of invasive species. Explanation: Displaces native species. Part C: Here you can earn two points, one for each reasonable solution you give for the activities you listed in part b. Possible answers: Activity 1: Logging/deforestation. Solution: Replant trees; engage in selective cutting. Activity 2: Introduction of invasive species. Solution: Create checkpoints for agricultural inspections; create stricter laws on the import of exotic species. Part D: To earn the one point for part D, you need to correctly describe a naturally occurring factor that could lead to a loss of biodiversity. Possible answers: Wildfires can wipe out small populations Hurricanes/tsunamis can destroy estuaries and coastal ecosystems Droughts can cause some species to lose their food sources Part E: Part E is worth two points, one for each ecological benefit you list. Possible answers: Greater control of pest species Water filtration by intact ecosystems More source material for evolution Here's a pest you'd probably like to control. Tips for Solving AP Enviro Free-Response Questions The AP Environmental Science FRQs often trip students up, and, for most questions, the average score is 30-40%. Below are some tips you should keep in mind while studying as well as when you’re taking the test to help you improve your chances of scoring well on this section. 1. Figure OutHow Long You Want to Spend on Each Question Before You Begin You will have 90 minutes to complete the entire free-response section, which gives you about 22 minutes per question.However, you don’t need to spend exactly the same amount of time on each question. In fact, you can divide your time between the four essays any way you want. Some people spend longer on the data set question due to the calculations involved, while others find that the quickest question and take longer to answer questions that require complete sentences or paragraphs.You may spend 15 minutes on one question and close to a half-hour on another. The best way to learn which questions take you longer is to complete a lot of practice problems, which we’ll discuss in the next section. Once you’re comfortable with each type of free-response question, you can go into exam day knowing about how long you want to spend on each question. Also, you absolutely don’t have to answer the questions in order. When you start the section, give them a quick look-through and decide which one you’d like to answer first. A lot of people choose to start with the question they are most confident with so that they’ll (hopefully) have extra time at the end for questions they find trickier. 2. Be Comfortable Solving Equations Without a Calculator AP Environmental Science is the only AP science exam where you cannot use a calculator for the free-response section, which includes the data set question.As you saw above, none of the calculations you’ll need to do are particularly tricky, but if you’re slow at mental math, you could waste a lot of time you’ll need to complete the three other questions in this section. Once again, the best way to prepare for this is to practice. Complete plenty of data set practice problems without a calculator so that you get used to quickly doing math by hand.You don’t want all your hand-earned knowledge to be wasted come test day when you find yourself struggling to solve equations. 3. Keep Your Units Straight My final tip also applies primarily to the data set question. As you saw in the sampleproblem, questions often includemultiple types of units. The sample problem had centimeters, meters, and kilometers.Making a careless error and reading â€Å"5cm† as â€Å"5m† will cost you points on the exam. When you take the test, be sure to pay attention to every unit that you see. Circle or underline the units if you have to in order to make them stand out.Also, you should be a pro at converting between units. You don’t want to waste time trying to remember how many meters are in a kilometer; it should be something you know off the top of your head. Now, even after you’ve become a unit expert, don’t forget to show your work when you convert from one unit to the next. Even if the process of going from meters to kilometers seems ridiculously obvious to you and doesn’t seem like it warrants being written out, do it anyway! Typically, half the points you earn on calculation problems are from showing your work, so don’t let a bit of laziness lower your score. How to Practice Free-Response Questions After reading this far, you now know all the basics of the AP Environmental Science free-response section.However, the way to really conquer the test and get a high score is to become an expert! How can you do that? The best way is to complete lots of practice problems. On their website, the College Board has links to all the previously given free-response questions for exams from 1999-2015.That means you have dozens of official free-response questions to look over and practice.Because there are so many free-response problems, you can begin completing practice problems a few months into your class (say around November) and continuing up until the AP exam. At the beginning of the year, when you’re still learning a lot of the course material, you can read through the questions to find the ones that focus on topics you’ve already covered.In order to get the most of these practice problems, use a timer and give yourself the same timing limitations the real exam will have. Also, no calculator! Conclusion The free-response section of the AP Environmental Science exam is often challenging for students, but becoming familiar with it can go a long way to helping you get a higher score. The free-response section contains four questions: 1 document-based question 1 data set question 2 synthesis and evaluation questions You’ll have 90 minutes to complete this section, and it’s worth 40% of your total score. Also, no calculators are allowed. To maximize your chances of doing well keep these three tips in mind: Figure out how long to spend on each question before you begin Be comfortable solving equations without a calculator Keep your units straight Also, remember to complete lots of practice problems so you’ll feel confident and prepared on the day of the exam. What's Next? Want some more practice materials for AP Enviro? We've got 'em! Check out our guide with links to every AP Environmental Science practice test and quiz available online (coming soon). Now you know what the free-response section will be like, but how do you review for AP Enviro? Our guide walks you through each step of creating a study plan that will pinpoint what you need to study. Wondering when you should start studying for AP Enviro and other AP exams?In our guide, we help you figure out exactly when you need to start cracking open those review books. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Management 3010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Management 3010 - Essay Example lity, alignment and engagement should also be assessed as they are three competencies that every company requires to succeed in the current business environment. Jean Martin (2013), further states that talent management drives tremendous business results and points out some of the associated trends. The first trend that she considers is the changes in the complicated new work environment as far as the structure of the organization is concerned which has resulted in a shift in the manner in which work gets done. There have also been shifts in the number of people who are required to make decisions in companies in the past several years as well as changes in demographics in the workforce with has resulted in the workforce of organizations having three to four generations of workers working together. These different generations may have varying preferences, knowledge backgrounds and work styles. Additionally, employees have to deal with the new complicated work environment of organizations while at the same time seeking more from what they have creating a difficult changed environment. With the changes in the environment of the organization, th e demands for better performance from the workers have increased straining them with newer realities like changes in the amount of work that needs collaboration with other workers. According to Jean Martin (2013), four generations constitute the current workforce. These generations include the veterans, who are those that were born prior to 1946 and are associated with a strong work ethic. Majority of them served in the military and thus usually respect their seniors, while being associated with dedication and self-sacrifice. The baby boomers are those who were born in 1946 and 1964 and are thought to have come up with the sixty-hour workweek whilst being too competitive in some instance. This generation of workers turns endings to beginnings and they consider retirement as the beginning of their career’s transition. The

Unit 2 Assignment Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 2 Assignment - Speech or Presentation Example Any company success depends on its employees. Satisfied employee will motivate to give their best and unsatisfied employees will not give their 100 percent, will engage himself and other in unproductive activities and if find opportunity on another company, will leave job. An individual’s job satisfaction could be different on intrinsic, extrinsic, and benefits. Individuals overall job satisfaction increases the chance of company success. Majority (76%) of the participants are male. Only, 24% of the participants are female. Figure 1 shows the â€Å"tenure with company† distribution by gender. The â€Å"tenure with company† distribution for male is approximately same for tenure less than 2 year (36.8%), 2 to 5 years (31.6%), and over 5 years (31.6%). The â€Å"tenure with company† distribution for female is less than 2 year (33.3%), 2 to 5 years (16.7%), and over 5 years (50.0%). There is chance of 63.6% that an individual will be a salaried employee whose intrinsic satisfaction value is 5 or more. Therefore, there is chance of 36.4%% that an individual will be a salaried employee whose intrinsic satisfaction value is less than