Research proposal on network optimization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research device on web optimisation - Essay ExampleData centers support and provide a admixture of industriousness services to the end-users such as cloud computing, grid application, video streaming, video gaming and many others services by providing platform that support all major hardw be and soft ware.2 Data centers are located on different parts of a interlock. Thus the decisions on regulation and management of the application services and network play a big role in influencing outcomes of the application performance and extract of the network. Most companies currently make application decisions with insufficient or no information regarding the underlying network that relay those services.3 Hence the maximum benefits of services and network utilization may not be reaped.This radical proposes a study program into cross stratum application with emphasis on the challenges and opportunities made gettable by the data center based applications and the communication networks. Based on the cross stratum optimization opportunities presented by the interactions amidst the data center based application services, this research chore will be mainly on the following key opportunities first, enhanced optimization of application and network resources. Additionally, rapid chemical reaction to the fast transforming demands. Lastly, quality of application experience enhancement through proper usage of the existing resources.This project will involve qualitative research involving all essentials parties in CSO i.e. application provider, data center provider, network provider and end-user. The study will involve the following first, the survey of the different trust relationships that are exhibited between the various stakeholders in the application and the network stratum.Secondly, survey of the cloud based applications to compare their impact on network infrastructure. Thirdly, evaluation of the key interfaces their functionality and how they relate to the current standards and potential future standards. More

Identifying The Child Readiness for Independent School Essay

Identifying The Child Readiness for Independent tame day - Essay ExampleHis brilliance in Mathematics has many times been highlighted by the praise that he has received from his teacher as well as his colleagues. He performs very well in the worst and is very active in the classroom in constituent out his classmates as well. In the gaffe of Humanities, Jazz tries to understand the subject with proper concepts. He shows great interest in the understanding of merciful narration and the importance that history lays on our lives today. He always strives to learn more with regard to the early on human developments as well as the important events that have taken place in the history of the world.Jazz is an active member of the school sports teams. He enjoys playing sports and has the potential to greatly render to the school sports community. He has been actively involved in playing sports which include basketball, soccer, badminton, swimming, and golf. Jazz has a very brawny li festyle and he is actively engaged in extracurricular activities. He is also a very good observer and loves to appreciate the beauty of nature. Apart from playing sports, Jazz is very considerate and helping and it is for this reason that he became a member of the Boys Scouts. He always wishes to contribute to society and be of helper to people who are in need of help.I do not have any revive with regard to the admission of Jazz in Independent School. I am a proud elicit owing to the high achievements of my son in all fields of education. He is an all-rounder and will be able to cope up with the educational environment. I believe that my son will actively contribute to the school community and perform well in his academics as well.

What Role Can Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension Essay

What Role earth-closet Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension - Essay ExampleThe literature review hold offs at some past(a) and recent articles and studies that have specifically explored the role of nurses in the cargon of hypertension and how this role batch create mentally to provide an overall healthcare provision.Hypertension is one of the most prevalent conditions that afflict Americans. Sad though it is, what is more disturbing is the fact that a majority of the American population is unaware of their own condition. This puts such individuals in a high risk position. Hypertension does not only lead to increase risks of complications, precisely also increases the number of visits to the healthcare facilities, leading to loss of time, money and resources. The amount and manpower that the current health care facilities bear in treating cases of hypertension or cases related to or complicated by hypertension are enormous. With time, there is more awareness about methods to prevent, and properly manage cases of hypertension. Early diagnosis of conditions on with prevention of their complications is now one of the main priorities of the health department. Time has shown many changes and trends that have taken family in the approach for treating hypertension in the United States. The figures and statistics are promising. Studies have shown a gradual reducing in the prevalence of hypertension in the USA since the 70s, with more signs of further regression. These results have been obtained repayable to increased awareness, better and affordable treatment and more control over the understanding of its various physiological processes. (Burt, 1995) The nurses are perhaps the only health care personnel who come in most contact with hypertensive patients. Most of the new cases of hypertensive patients are diagnosed in ambulatory health care visits. Blood compel readings are taken as a standard protocol in any of the doctors or early(a) healthcare professi onals visit. It is easy to see why the chances of diagnosis of hypertension in a clinical surroundings and by a nurse are increased. Similarly, during the different in hospital stays and procedures, the regulation and supervise of blood pressure is one of the most fundamental responsibilities of a nurse.This becomes all the more important in cases who are known to have high blood pressures, are admitted in the hospital due to a complication of hypertension, any co-morbid conditions or diseases, or due to any surgery that has taken place. The nurses keep crack and record and up to date monitoring of the patients vitals in all of the phases of treatment. They are also obligated to keep check on the follow ups of the patient and inform accordingly should the need arise.From the abovec in preventing complications due to hypertension is large and necessary. It is also therefore understood how a properly trained staff can help and assist in timely notification and treatment of untowar d situations. Nurses are the key players in handling patients with all kinds of hypertension. Therefore, to ensure their proper working and efficiency, we must be able to critically hit the books the performances given by the profession.The review aims to look at different studies and articles that focus on the important causative role that nurses have played and continue to do so in caring for patients with hypertension. It will look at the different challenges that face nurses providing care to hypertensive pati

A problem in the career field- Finance Assignment

A trouble in the career field- Finance - Assignment Examplearguments that oppose the practice and support the practice in order to provide a well-balanced analysis of whether the activity should be allowed to continue in coetaneous finance. The article suggests that this activity potentially gives some investors an unfair advantage which disrupts the efficiency of a free grocery economy. On the other hand, there are other proponents of insider business that suggest the practice enhances entrepreneurial mental home and creativity. Ma & Huey-Lian suggest that the reason for this conflict is that there is no solid definition of what actually constitutes insider trading activities, which leads to irrational judgments that the practice is unethical. In an attempt to rectify this confusion, the authors provide a rational definition to dish up the reader in determining whether we should still, today, consider the practice unethical and immoral.The authors of this article point out that it is special K practice for investors to buy large quantities of a companys stock in order to ingest control over voting rights and corporate decision-making. It is common, in the future, for buyers of common stock to sell these securities as a means of diversifying ones personal financial portfolio. Ma & Huey-Lian offer that there is nothing unethical or immoral about this practice since it is a widely-accepted practice in the investment world. Whether or not the investor bought the stock based on their own evaluations and perceptions or through insider-generated knowledge would then seem to be irrelevant in determining the morality of the activity. The investor would still own majority stock in the company, which gives them control, and of all time have the right to sell these products when they are no longer satisfied the investment is conducive to their financial needs.In concluding remarks, the main point of this article is to highlight that ethics are not universally-endo rsed. The authors nark a special point to highlight that before society

Future Trends in Purchasing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future Trends in Purchasing Paper - Essay vitrineAs such, procurance has and continues to help in the evolution of supply ambit management in that procurement ensures the security of supply, market expansion, and reduces operational costs duration maximizing profits. In essence, this is the direction that supply chain management is headed towards as it evolves from just a profit making venture into a practice requiring devotion to legal, ethical and consumer demands. Callender (2013) gives the example of how the global market now prefers GM-free foods and seeks to shun child labor.E- subscriber line can be set forth as the practice of utilise technology in order to improve business, essentially by conducting business processes on the internet. The adoption of information technology in the conduct of business has its own advantages and shortcomings, just corresponding the traditional ways of conducting business. According to Popescul & Genete (2007) e-business is advantageous in that it reduces the amount of time required to transact business, while also reducing the costs involved. In addition, the incorporation of information technology in business legal proceeding means that a company is able to market itself on global arenas.On the negative array of doing e-business, companies are exposed to hackers who can swindle the company and its clientele their money. In relation, consumers whitethorn fall exploit to fraudsters who use information provided online, to steal credit card information. In other cases, There is also the encounter that the companys employees whitethorn be unable or unwilling to adapt to the applications used and may thus put the company at risk of losing its consumer base. It is also major concern for companies that the telecommunication bandwidth may be insufficient meaning that access to online platforms may be hampered thus negating the need for e-business.The practice of using information technology to

Economic Arguments for Further Enlargement of the EU Essay

Economic Arguments for boost Enlargement of the EU - Essay ExampleIt is important to give a clarification of the above-mentioned vocalize further enlargement of the EU before I embark on the economic arguments about this move. come on enlargement of the European totality means the introduction of more new members in the union, a deal that is well stipulated by the EU policies. The number of countries willing to join the European Union has been rapidly increase since the 1990s with the most recent members to join the block being Croatia. The European Union has a very(prenominal) concise and clear policy that stipulates the requirements that a country applying for membership has to meet. This policy also referred to as the Unions acquis communautaire and contains rules and regulations that applicants must follow with the main aim of the policy being to prevent rise of every conflict in the future. The countries have also to meet the criterion that was introduced in Copenhagen ful ly. The Copenhagen criterion was introduced primarily to hide political and economic aspects of the candidates or what scholars refer to as democratic credentials and economic competitiveness. intensify of the economy of the European Union is among the economic arguments that are highly outlined by economic experts. This is a call for an integration of the economy of the member states commonly termed as having the Full Economic Union. This would plump to a common market and an entire unification of the current fiscal and monetary policies.

Culture& work in the modern world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture& treat in the modern world - Essay ExampleIn the book The Lonely Londoners by Samuel Selvon, a story of West Indian migrants is told where the issues of socialization are explored. Coming to London is seen as a break down towards opportunity. One of the people in the book, Moses, holds a transitional role for the other from his cultivation. He helps migrants from West India as they try to learn how to function within their new environment. Selvon states And so like a welfare officer, Moses break up the boys around London (25). The purpose of spreading them throughout the city was so that acculturation could be divulge achieved and so they would not congregate in such a way as to create an ethno-centric universe that could cause problems in relationships between the many cultures that are in London. Moses has described this world of London for its varieties of cultures as it divide up in little worlds, and you stay in the world where you belong to and you dont know anythi ng or so what happening in the other ones except what you read in the papers (Selvon 60). ... Through the opportunities that exist in a large city within a successful, Western outlandish, an attraction occurs to those who live in places that do not have the same level of opportunity. After World War II, the colonized nations under British rule who had sent men to fight the war found an opportunity waiting for them at the windup of the service as they discovered that Britain considered the people to be citizens of their society, thus allowing them to freely move to London, if that is what they wished. Jamaica, a country that has seen a great deal of hardship, found that many of her citizens were willing to move to England to take advantage of some(prenominal) opportunities they could find on that point. The novel, Small Island by Andrea Levy follows the lives of cardinal people as they navigate issues of multi-ethnic acculturation during the aftermath of World War II. The natur e of a city in which the many different culture collide, changing one another and developing something new in each incarnation is explored through the statements of four people who intersect during that time period. Queenie, a character from the book by Levy, begins the story with a tale from her childhood. She states I thought Id been to Africa (Levy 1). This story that she relates as it reveals an episode in her life where there had been an exhibition within Britain that provided for the recreation of the countries of the world so that as you turned each corner you mat you were experiencing another culture. She thought she had actually been to Africa, the nature of the culture impacting her in such a way as she read it as a state of existence rather than as a geographic place. This sympathy of how a culture is not a geographic location

PETA and the true about animal rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PETA and the true about animal rights - Essay ExampleThrough the years PETA has made advances for animals that argon abused by persons, corporations, and governments throughout the world. The institution has won several cases against animal abusers and has convicted several animal researchers. wizard popular example is the Silver Spring monkeys case where researcher Edward Taub experiments 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. Alex Pacheco spied the testing ground and took pictures of monkeys tied-up inside the lab. The pictures were then turned-over to the local police as evidence. The lab was raided by the police and researcher Edward Taub was convicted of several counts of animal cruelty and abuse. PETA was founded by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco in March 1980. It receives donations from its multi-national companies and individual donors. The organizations financial statements revealed millions of dollars of revenues a y ear. This is likely coming from millions of dollars worth of cash and non-cash donations from its donors worldwide and the respite came from its fund raisings for animal rights. PETA says that their revenues will not be kept for themselves but for the improvements of their programs on pursuing their orbiculate missions. Thus, its income tax returns revealed donations and grants to and from various individuals and non-profit organizations working on animal rights. They say the money they have in the organization will be spent for the benefit of the animals and the improvement of their life as living things.

Perfection of Pablo Picasso's Art Work Research Paper

nonsuch of Pablo Picassos Art Work - Research Paper ExampleThe paper Perfection of Pablo Picassos Art Work entrust discuss Picassos early life and explores his work. The study will also review the ideas of various authors to support and inflate the subject of study. Pablo inherited the outside appearance of his mother Dona Maria Picasso Y Lopez. With Pablo and his father, there were two painters in their family. He was born out of luck since the midwife had given up on him. The midwife move saving the life of the mother instead. Pablo was saved from suffocation by his uncle Don Salvadors, a qualified doctor. He blew a few puff of smoke on his face and this gave life to Pablo. Picasso enjoyed narrating this legend. His biography also highlights this diachronic point as it shows Picassos initial encounter with death and the victory over it. People began admiring Pablos vitality at the age of nine years. This was particularly his aspect of art, which was part and parcel of him at b irth. Pablo worn out(p) ten years of his early life at Malaga, the place of his birth. His father was not a blotto man. The father worked as a keeper at the town museum. Pablos father also worked as an art teacher at Escuela de San Telmo. The father accepted a well paid job, which he got. Pablos father and his family moved to the bully of La Coruna in the province of Atlantic coast. Pablo and his father resided in this capital for the next four years. Pablos father encouraged the sons talents later in Pablos life. The father was concerned with his progress in academies early in life.

Gender,Sexuality and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender,Sexuality and smorgasbord - Essay ExampleThis paper sh any critically discuss the post-feminist argument that in Western societies, women are appoint to choose whether or not to engage in dish practices. A discussion on the divers(a) manifestations of women say-so will be included in this paper. Body Western societies are now seemingly perceived to be post-feminist, which may mean that structural elements negatively affecting women have already been managed and that whatever lingering differences between men and women are being attri thated to the manifestations of individual choices (Jeffreys, 2005). Writers acknowledge that choice has become the employment cry of the post-feminist era under these conditions, as long as the actions of women are based on their possess choices, there is no need for further assessment of their actions and choices (Braun, 2009). Beauty practices are very much link to such post-feminist ideas and arguments. Even if the use of beauty prod ucts have been subjected to feminist critique, practices like putting on limn or shaving ones legs do not any more represent issues for feminists (Stuart and Donahue, 2012). Third-wave feminists sway that womens power to choose the engagement in these beauty practices is a welcome element of feminism (Baumgardner and Richards, 2000). However, even with much support attributed to various choices, and even with the entry of women into areas in society where they were not previously included, womens bodies are still make part of high surveillance and discipline (Jeffreys, 2005). The chances given to women to cast up their achievements which were not available to them before has not been coordinated with the power to do away with the oppressive elements and practices of femininity. Scholars turn over that the discarding of traditional female roles in the workplace has been matched with a greater focus on feminine bodies (lamella, 2007). Gill (2007) points out that femininity for t he current western culture has followed the suggested trajectory laid out by Bartky (1990), Bordo (1993), and wildcat well (1990) where social applications relating to femininity are not anymore directed towards the manifestation of traditional gender roles, but are leaning more towards practices which strongly highlight the management and beautification of womens bodies. Postfeminist marks of sack via empowerment and choices are placed within the context of harsh beauty requirements and images which Western women are compared to and judged against (Gill, 2006). In effect, with all the apparent choices, the contemporary western culture puts a very harsh and intense evaluation of womens bodies. Contextualizing femininity within the post-feminist conditions is a major focus of contemporary feminist work (Evans, et.al., 2010). Feminine beauty practices were a clear focus for the second-wave feminism with a more critical assessment made on the means by which such practices have impact ed on the reification of the disparities between men and women, as well as the objectification of women (Bartky, 1990). By the end of the 1980s, as feminism secured more success in the liberation of women, the negative reaction against the second wave feminism caused new restrictions on womens liberties (Jeffreys, 2005). The conditional depicted object has been suggested relating to women gaining a more liberated status, for as long as such status is not made at the cost of their femininity. Such message is seen in

Ghana Cocoa Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

gold coast Cocoa Industry - Essay simulationHowever, it is of great significance to note that output varies on an annual basis. Factors such as price fluctuations, politics, and counseling play a crucial role in influencing output. Discussed in this paper is the role of politics in influencing cocoa production in gold coast, and interventional strategies set up to boost production of cocoa in the country. In addition, the paper also analyzes the cocoa industry in Ghana from different theoretical perspectives. Political possibility centers on the analysis of economics influence on political ideologies. Tenants of the theory uncover the interplay of relationships between law, politics, and economics. In addition, it analyzes the development of various institutions in different economics and social systems for example, capitalist, socialist, and communist systems. Competing interests of specific individuals, groups or institutions cloak a countrys economic development. This theory en ables individuals visualize and understand the formation of public policies. Small-scale farmers in Ghana lack the resources to export their produce directly. They rely on intermediaries (businesspersons) and the government to broker deals with customers interested in their produce. Herein, lays the simmer down cause of the countrys economic problem. These farmers receive meager compensation compared to the parties charged with the task of brokering the deal. As a result, meagreness in Ghana is at an all-time high despite its flourishing cocoa industry. As mentioned, Ghana ranks second after Ivory Coast in the cocoa export industry (Ecobank, 2013). The country lost(p) the title amidst waves of political upheaval in the country. In a bid to advance their personal interests, important individuals mismanaged the cocoa industry. Through the Cocoa Marketing Board, farmers received fixed compensation for their produce.

Characteristics of Expressionism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Characteristics of Expressionism - Term Paper ExampleThe paper Characteristics of Expressionism investigates the main features of expressionism. The four picture shows that sex strong emotions and are representative of Expressionism have been chosen from Van Gogh, El Greco, Edvard Munch, and Picasso. Starry Night is nonpareil of Vincent Van Goghs famous paintings. Although much ado has been made about the stars and moon in this painting, the ominous black tree figure can also hold meaning. El Grecos pot of Toledo has been compared to Starry Night. enchantment there are similarities, the ominous storm approaching the city in El Grecos painting evokes a fear not found in Van Goghs painting. Pablo Picassos Guernica is a painting about the German bombing of the Basque town of Guernica. This collision of objects shows the chaos of war. eventually Edvard Munchs The Scream shows a man with his hands on his cheeks and mouth wide open. This painting stirs up feelings of a primal loss of control ending in a wrenching scream. all of these paintings use different techniques to elicit emotions from the audience. Expressionism is a broad term. The Expressionism movement that produced Expressionism Art was founded in Germany and Austria in the proterozoic 20th century. Expressionism Art is any type of art that uses distorted means to express a feeling. While the movement started in the early 20th century, many other artists from the late 19th century were include due to their painting style. Vincent Van Gogh was one of these artists, despite having died before the 20th century.

Winston Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Winston Churchill - Essay ExampleHis thoughts and writings mountain be considered as an authority in the fields that he excelled in. At a glance Winston Churchill is a tell statesman, a known orator and strategist, a leader in different disciplines such as the British Army and a gifted writer of historical literature. The main purpose of the study undertaken is to be adequate to(p) to present the events in the life of Winston Churchill. This includes the achievements, teachings, struggles and the lessons that he made the people learn. All the pertinent data and teaching that can define him as a person are captured to be able to achieve an sagacity of the life that he had led and the decisions that he had made.Winston Churchill was born in the Oxformshire, England, United Kingdom on the thirtieth of November 1874. He is the son of an English father, Lord Randolph Churchill and an American m other. He is of British nationality that made his contributions to the society until the t wenty-fourth of January in 1965 when he died at the age of 90 at the Hyde Park, London in England. He is a desc checkant of the Spencer-Churchill lineage with George Spencer, the Duke of Marlborough, which is his ancestor and his father which is the son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough and excessively a politician. On the other hand, his mother, Jennie Jerome, the daughter of an American millionaire named Leonard Jerome. John Strange Spencer-Churchill is his only sibling (Frenz 1969). He was educated at the turn and Sandhurst. As a student he can be considered to not conform to the rules thus he is commonly reprimanded. Though this is the case it is the harrow School where he started his military line of achievement in 1888 when he joined the Harrow Rifle Corps. He also studied in the Royal Military honorary society which took him 3 admission tries to be able to be admitted but graduated raking 8th in clique in December 1894. The said achievement earned him a position as Second d eputy sheriff in the 4th Queens Own Hussars in 1895 (Frenz 1969). Upon further observation though, the young Winston Churchill excelled in a routine of fields such as the Literary English and History. Even in sports the said leader is also a fencing champion. Although this is the case, his enthusiasm in studying is below average which can be link up to the speech impediment that he possessed. The said difficulty in speaking had not been a disability to the achievements that he had accomplished in his career and his life. The said impediment is considered by slightly groups as stammering and some as lisping. Winston Churchill is married to Clementine Hozier in 1908 with 5 children namely Diana Churchill (1909), Randolph Spencer Churchill (1911), Sarah Churchill (1914), Marigold Frances Churchill (1918, four days after the end of WWI and died in 1921) and Mary Churchill (1922) (Frenz 1969 Mauter 1998).Winston Churchill excelled in a variety of fields, thus, he can be considered as virtuoso of the most prominent characters in modern United Kingdom and the English Region. The army career can be considered as one of the important contribution of W. Churchill on the basis of the fact that he had held requirement positions through the short stay in the said discipline. He acquired the position of the standpat(prenominal) Member of sevens in the year 1900. In addition, he had been responsible to other essential roles in the Liberal and Conservative governments during the early decades of the century. During WWII, he became First Lord of the Admiralty which is a reappointment from 1911-15. In addition to the said roles, his military career also made him participate in different events. One of which is the battle in the Northwest edge with the Malakand Field

Proposal for PHD in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal for PHD in traffic - Essay ExampleIn case the bills invested results in riches creative activity but by an amount less than the cash invested and the resources used, society is poorer to the extent of the loss, as the borrower must repay the debt by compensating for the loss out of existing wealth owned or acquired by him/her. The same applies to cases in which invested cash is totally lost, no wealth creation having taken place. In both cases a redistribution of wealth in favor of the creditors is involved (Siddiqi, 2007).This paper is an tryout of actual investment has increased in the past few years that the tawarruq system is in place. investing is one the path through which wealth creation can occur. We expect the tawarruq system to aid business process and investment so as to further improve the economy. Other variables that may be stirred in the process are interest rates, alternate rates, expending and banks profitability. The three are macroeconomic variabl es enchantment the last is a microeconomic variables. We particularly desire that people do not owe cash for consumption purposes alone but for investment.The research forget commence with the review of relate literature. ... B. Research Questions a. What is the tawarruq systems impact on Saudi-Arabian Arabias over-all level of investmentb. What is the tawarruq systems impact on Saudi Arabias over-all level of consumptionc. What is the force play of the tawarruq system on Saudi Arabias interest ratesd. What is the effect of the tawarruq system on Saudi Arabias exchange ratee. What is the impact of the tawarruq system on banks profitabilityC. Methods and ProceduresThe research will commence with the review of related literature. This is where we identify the gaps in the study that need to be filled. The literature review will likewise earmark us a knowledge of the depth of current and previous researches on the topic. The review will also include desk research of recent news about the conduct of the business and the related figures.Data mining for the necessary figures will follow. We will particularly mine the data for the over-all tawarruq level of bring (the amount of lending per year) for the last 10 years, the figures for investment, consumption, interest rate and exchange rate for the last 10 years. To establish the kin between these variables, we will use simple regression of the time series analysis. An econometric software, Eviews 4 will be particularly used to test the relationship. The possible outcomes are monumental or not significant and whether the direction is positive or negative. D. Goals and ObjectivesThis paper wishes to trace the practice of the tawarruq lending system in Saudi Arabia and its impact on wealth creation primarily the investment variable. Lending is a path to consumption or investment and it is said to create wealth if it goes to the latter. In this paper we particularly examine

IT - Hydro-Quebec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT - Hydro-Quebec - Essay ExampleThe changing climate has affected the hydro electric utilities to a coarse extent. It should be noted in this context that the hydro power generation tends to be more vulnerable to the changes in call of climatic conditions than other sources including the thermal power station. For instance, hydro power project located near the slide have often been noticed to be affected by the rise in the sea level. Again, ironic weather conditions and reduced water level in the reservoirs have also affected its electricity production. numbers of other climatic factors such as lightning, rise in temperature, icing and pollution have been the major(ip) uncontrollable threats faced by Hydro-Quebec. Furthermore, the organization has been unable to take the advantage of wind power as one of the best options of renewable energy (Hydro-Quebec, 2008). During 1990s, technology and business units efforts to control return on the invested pileus for IT management has br ought major changes in the way of Hydro-Quebec. The SSC was held responsible for the IT related decisions. However, it was ascertained that it initiated changes only in terms of human resources due to departmental expansion taking place within the company. Those changes made by the SSC caused strain both within the business units and within the IT divisions. Furthermore, the SSC was responsible for developing and implementing all the proficient aspects of the given solution, optimizing technological performance and maintaining as well as executing the developed solutions. However, creating new challenges for the SSC as the IT division had to negotiate all of the technology budgets with each division separately following a more complex process. Consequentially, it was observed that Hydro-Quebec Distribution (HQD) spent more than $50 million on over 200 IT forms. However, it had no take place strategy or proper system plan that could be formally drawn up aft(prenominal) its esta blishment. Many factors force the division to include the IT related issues under its caption, such as the technological zeitgeist during the 1990s. owe to such circumstances there has been an imperative requirement to update the companys legacy system as it was observed that the old system was more vulnerable to risk on with a utmost maintenance cost. Furthermore, there was a need to update its entire infrastructure related to mailing and print of bills. The factors like managing the addresses of its customers were also identified as impossible to be maintained with the traditional system. Thus, there was an urgent need to modernize customer software application (Hydro-Quebec, 2008). Question 2 What changes would you suggest for Hydro-Quebec and why? Hydro-Quebec should trim back more on developing its research programs in order to boast its human resource intimacy in terms of climate change and technological adaption. Hydro-Quebec must identify the areas that are sensitive t owards climatic changes and other uncontrollable risks. Its activities also must be directed towards managing water resources, transports, distributions, equipment designs, and annual production volumes along with environmental and financial considerations. It should also contribute for the development of wind power and increase in the supply from the existing power generating stations (Dube, Berner & Roy, 2007). Furthermore, the organization should promote recycling processes along with educating employees in terms of

Thomas Kuhn Writing Style Essay Example for Free

Thomas Kuhn Writing Style EssayAccording to the back cover, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is considered angiotensin converting enzyme of The Hundred Most Influential Books Since the Second World War by The Times Literary Supplement. I dont necessarily agree with this assessment. Dont miss determine what Im saying he is probably one of the more brilliant people that have ever walked this priming for all I know. But, I could not get over how difficult his paper style was to interpret. His make believe of indite is not some thing that most people who are not scientists are use too. From being create verbally in a scientific and philosophical manner, to explaining a icon and customary cognizance, to using lyric that I was trying to look up in the dictionary on every single page. The one thing I did care for was his redundancy in his book. His redundancy will grab your attention telling you to repair attention to this certain word or phrase because it will be i mportant to understanding this book. From the draw of the book, Ive come to the conclusion that Thomas Kuhn is almost writing a scientific and philosophical essay.As he continues to refer back to some of the more brilliant people in the history of the human being such as Aristotle, Galileo, Einstein, Newton and Lavoisier, this is where I recognized the scientific and philosophical writing style he had. Numerous times he would refer back to one of these names and tell of their scientific victimization that was associated with their name. This, for whatever reason, made me think his writing was actually organized I just didnt understand it. He gave explanations behind why he was referencing this particular person making everything attempt to flow a little bit better.For me, philosophy was never a subject that I understood well, therefore, it was very grievous for me to follow in what he was saying. Through step to the fore this essay, Thomas Kuhn puts a large emphasis on paradigms , and normal science. From what I understood, a paradigm meant that the nature of scientific inquiry within a particular content was going to be largely transformed. That was my own interpretation. I sat for about a day on trying to figure out how I was going to understand what his form of paradigm meant. For all I know, Im completely wrong. But thats what I understood so far.So, for Thomas Kuhn, his parameter was that science did not progress on a linear accumulation of knowledge but that it went with so-called periodic revolutions. This is where the term paradigm shift had come from. I believe that it is impossible to go through a paradigm shift without a crisis. When attempting to understand what normal science was to Thomas Kuhn, I was unperturbed quite confused since I was trying to interpret paradigm and paradigm shift. Kuhn insists, (p. 52) Normal science does not aim at novelties of fact or theory and, when successful, finds none. Again, not quite sure what he just said there.So, I sat on it for a few hours to figure out what he was trying to tell the renter. After that day, I felt that he was almost concerned that common fact of discoveries was going to disprove his thesis. So, if normal science aims at discovery, and discoveries are novel, then normal science aims at novelty. Kuhn claims that discoveries are always accompanied by changes in the prevailing paradigm. Attempting to understand what each of these meant in his voice communication was a struggle. I would have much rather used the Internet to try to figure out what in the world he was saying.For me, Thomas Kuhns writing style is above and beyond my cause or knowledge. Having my bachelors in science didnt help me out whatsoever analogous I panorama it would when beginning this book. The most difficult obstacle for me while strikeing Thomas Kuhns book was no doubt trying to understand what he was saying by the words he used. Just in the first few chapters I was looking up words in the dictionary probably cardinal or five times on each page. I understand his consultation was a convocation of scientists so they should understand this. I wont knock him for that.I also feel uniform he couldve made the reading a little easier to understand. No to bring anyone down to a bring low level, but to dumb it down a little bit would have given people like me a huge help at understanding his form of writing. Just in the first cardinal chapters, this was the list of words or phrases I could not pick up on * Phylogistic chemistry * whim * Onslaught * Dichotomies * Elucidate * Esoteric * Corpuscles * Effluvium * Arduous * Recondite * Metallurgy * Morass * Juxtapose Sure, a few of these words I have come across before in another reading.The book I read these words from was probably a science textbook, and honestly were not words I was going to be using everyday. Lastly, I noticed how redundant Thomas Kuhn was in his writing style. I think that because of who his audience was, he needed to be redundant. He needed to repeatedly bring the importance of a paradigm up for discussion. He was trying to get people to pay attention to certain points in his writing and the best way to do that is to talk about them repeatedly.With his redundancy I found myself paying more attention to certain words or phrases he was pointing out to me, like, HeyGrasp this concept and understand because Im going to bring it up a lot in this book. This was the only form of his writing style that I cared for. Again, Im not trying to knock him for what he has written, because from reviews Ive read on him and his book, hes pretty brilliant. The redundancy is always annoying, but in this case it helped me to scope concepts that he was really trying to focus on and bring my attention to so I could richly understand this book. Did it completely help me in understanding this book? No, not at all, Im still blown away at what in the world Ive read and am still reading to understand h im.

Amity Centre for eLearning Essay Example for Free

friendliness Centre for eLearning EssayMr. Sreenivas (55) working as manager in Alfa Chemicals, a large scale industrial establishment engaged in the production of Phosphate and Sulphur. He has 30 years of experience in Alfa Chemicals. He has an excellent track record as Manager Human Resources within the organization. Many multiplication he got bestemployer award to cognitive lick excellence. His atomic number 18a of expertise in recruitment and survival process, and performance appraisal has been widely acknowledged. The Information Technology division of Alfa Chemicals industry once governing bodyd acute paucity of work force. Mr. Raj, Manager IT division put forward an immediate requirement of 10 employees in the IT division, to HR section, starting line from junior level to senior level. As and when Mr. Sreenivas got the letter from Mr. Raj, in his department, he started processing of it. To get it done, he approached many sources. He had gone through the data ban k of company and considered 100 resumes for recruitment from it.He also informed the employees and employers of the organization, in their respective departmental notice board, showing the immediate requirement of 10 employees to facilitate the internal recruitment procedures. From the employees and employers of Alfa Chemicals he got around 150 applications with resumes. In addition to that in localise to give an opportunity to candi see to its external to the organization he floated an advertisement in several daily news show papers viz., Times of India, Sakal, and Indian Express. From external sources he got around 350 applications. Almost 600 candidates, including internal and external applicators, employ for 10 vacant posts. To ensure the reliability and dependability of the process, Sreenivas do his personal scrutiny at any levels, in the recruitment and selection process. Since the good department function as a team in HR, entirely the members trust each other and exte nded their valuable contribution in the recruitment and selection.The department conducted a preliminary interview in order to make firstscreening process and drool the number of applicants. After the first screening process the HR department reduced the number of applicant list from 600 to 500 applicants. He conducted a written test and group discussion and there by further reduces the number of applicants to 300. These 300 candidates then exposed to one hour psychometric test and pop of which 50 candidates selected for the closing interview. From the utmost interview, 10 candidates finally selected. The entire process of recruitment and selection took well-nigh 3 months. The selected candidates list then forwarded to the bill instruction for the final approval. HR department informed the candidates that the assignment letters will be sent to those who are selected for the post.Sreenivas approached several time to the top focussing somewhat to get final approval of list of candidates for the IT department. Sreenivas informed the IT department also that the delay in the final list announcement as the topmanagement take some more time. He waited roughly 4 weeks. But, no reply at all. Mr. Raj, the IT manager every day enquired somewhat the latest reading about the final list of the candidates and tentative date of induction. Sreenivas faced the difficulty to make any chin-wag on the subject as there was no information from the top management. HR department had to say many phone calls from out side and inside the organization, as recruitment involved candidates from inside and outside.The employers and employees of the industry, whose relatives got into the final selection process, became regular visitors of the HR department, asking for the finalist. Sreenivas called a meeting of HR team members and once once more made a close verification of the entire process. But he couldnt find any misapprehension in any of the recruitment and selection proces s. As the time went on he became more curious about the delay in the announcement of the result.When the problem becomes so crucial Sreenivas got direction from the top management to meet Mr. Kartik, General Manager, one of the top officials in the organization. Mr.Kartik asked the entire process of recruitment and selection that made on IT professionals. Sreenivas furnished the entire details of the process in a precise report. Mr. Kartik read the entirereport and soon after made a direct comment that the recruitment and selection process that for IT professionals need to be cancelled as he observed some discrepancies in the process made by his department. He further directed Sreenivas that the vacancies have to be filled through pressure prat and no permanent vacancies to be made in these positions, for one year.Further he informed Sreenivas that another(prenominal) recruitment process to be done from external candidates applied and no internal application to be entertained. Sr eenivas couldnt agree with the Mr. Kiran comment on his departments inefficiency in the recruitment and selection process. For a while he purpose about quitting the organization, as he faced a baseless allegation from the top management. Till date there is no black mark in his functional dissemination. On many occasion he helped the industry to find out best possible solutions in order to tackle the many manpower crisis. Sreenivas became so depressed and felt quiet unhappy about the finding taken by the management.Mr. Sreenivas called an pressing meeting of his subordinates and communicated the management decision and directives. He shared with the team members that the management had greater dissatisfaction on the recruitment and selection process done by the department. He enquired that any one made any slue in theprocess. All members denied the probability of any mistake. As there were clear norms and regulations related to each mistreat and there was no dual command, they fo und no possibility of creeping errors in the selection process. In the meeting he informed his subordinates that the management freezes the appointment process for IT professionals and asked for external recruitment on contract basis. It was shocking news to members. They asked several questions to get a proper clarification from Sreenivas. As Mr. Sreenivas himself unaware of the reasons puke management decision, he informed his subordinate his inability to give a proper reply in this regard.Sreenivas also informed this matter to Mr. Raj. During the evening hours, in the same day, Sreenivas got a call from Mr. George, one of his senior-level Managers, with whom he had friendly and informal family relationship. Mr. George asked Srinivas to come to his cabin. As per the call Mr.Sreenivas met George in his cabin. George enquired about his family and many unofficial matters in the informal interaction. Half an hour later, Mr. George enquired about the recruitment and selection process of IT professionals. He shared with George all those things happened with top management. Leaving aside the informal interaction, George initiated formal discussion with Sreenivas. He told Sreenivas that the selected list of IT professionals consisted two names, Mr. Avdesh and Mr. Praveen, they are the relatives of two conduct wedlock leaders of the organization.The management felt that being the relatives of two trade union leaders, in the long run, they could be a threat to organization. It may create an image that the trade unions remedy have a control over the decision making process in organization. Further, the hold of trade union may expand if this selection process materializes. Mr. Geroge informed Sreenivas that management didnt have any motion about the dependability and exactness of the recruitment processes that HR departmentr did.George further informed Sreenivas that as per the intimation from top management he called Mr. Sreenivas and briefed about the undercurre nts of this episode. The entire news was shocking to Mr. Sreenivas. He didnt know that the management decision had this much of undercurrents. After hearing entire story Sreenivas become so silent and returned to his cabin.While academic session inside his cabin, he made a silent comment that, what a useless effort.Questions1. What are the undercurrents of selection process in Alfa Chemicals?2. How management decision justifies management effort in the maintenance of harmonious industrial relation?3. Do you believe that as HR Manager, Mr. Sreenivas failed to gather direct and indirect information about the candidates?4. How cancellation of appointment decision that affect the moral of organizational members?5. How you interpret the dilemma of HR managers have to face in such kind of situations.6. What would be your decision if you have to face such situation?7. Do you believe that trade unions have quota in appointments?8. How the decision affect the reduction of wastages and impro vement of resources.9. Is the decision reflecting management fear towards trade union or inability to develop a congenial industrial relationship within the organization? 10. How you interpret the silence of Mr. Sreenivas?

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming EssayIn this entire denomination I ordaining be discussing orbicular thaw, especially its effectuate on glaciers and on environment. Before discussing the effects of world-wide warming it is important to understand what actually global warming is? It is defined as an ordinary increase in earths temperature due to which the frequency of disasters interchange sufficient droughts floods and earthquake increases which accounts for the accumulation of spurt house gases in the atmosphere. There argon various reasons for global warming and one of the most majestic causes is greenish house gases which include ascorbic acid dioxide, methane, nitrous and wet vapor. In recent years the symmetricalness of these gases has change magnitude considerablely due to industrialization and modernization. Now a question arises that how industrialization led to this massive increase? And the answer is excessive use of road vehicles which emit loads of carbon dioxide besid es this we direct cut all the plants by roadside which could take in carbon dioxide. A nonher reason is acute deforestation, which has further increased the ration of carbon dioxide in air. Also burning of fossils for the purpose of generation of electrical energy is one of its causes. What are Glaciers?Glaciers are formed by snow which overlap over the period of clock time forming a thick churl mass. These ice masses with the rise in temperature begins to melt and again forms a fresh layer of snow and this how the glacier reachs bigger over time. They go through been the largest source of fresh piddle and reservoirs after oceans. Glaciers are there in each continent of the world. cores of global warming on Glaciers In recent years the worrying factor is rapid melting of glacier due to increased temperature as equivalence to snow which replaces it, however if this continues the glacier will vanish soon.This is one of the serious effects of global warming thence resulting in a change in the mountain environment and which in turn is likely to solve about an intense change in the climatic condition of earth which will further establish change in habitats. Melting of glaciers will considerably increase the water level of seas and oceans because of which small countries are expected to sink and the water will overwhelm on the coastal areas. Like glaciers of national pose are shrinking inch by inch, day by day with the passage of time like all other glaciers around the world due to warm temperature.The change are not split up or harmful on day to day basis but will result in huge and devastating disasters over decades. Besides, glaciers add beauty to the environment and warm temperatures are melting these glaciers and crumble the natural beauty. More than half of the well known glaciers of national park have shrunk while many an(prenominal) of the small glaciers of park have disappeared. Antarctica has and will suffer a lot from melting glaciers. maturationd temperature in Antarctica region have warmed to 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit in last few years which is considered as the highest and most rapid increase around the world. Another astonishing fact is the collapse of ice- shelves in Antarctica which had been horse barn for 20,000 years. Melting of glaciers worldwide has become a hot issue these days and its prevention cost is extensively high and is estimated at 3% of world GDP. Another argument by a Chinese glaciologist zhang wenjing is, glaciers are able to absorb heat during the global warming process and set up reverse the effects of global warming.He further added that 20 square million kilometers of worlds glaciers and huge oceans will not let this phenomenon to increase rapidly. However another report claims that Himalaya glaciers are retreating by 10 to 15 meters on yearly basis due to rise in temperature and cease have adverse effects on the social, economical and ecological system of its inhabitant as they are the m ain source of water. Effect on Environment Effect on humor Scientists believe that by 2050 the temperature of the globe will heat up within 2 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit.Scientists have developed models to forecast the change in temperature simpler models are able to forecast variation within a region whereas typical models are expected to measure changes across hundreds of thousands of square miles and it has predicted that all the atomic number 63an countries are anticipated to follow a similar climatic bulge despite of the fact that each country has unique rainfall, seasonal and snowfall patterns. Furthermore the summers in mid-latitude will become drier. These effects may disrupt the civilization and biosphere. As the temperature increases the oceans will evapo set out more tame more clouds and rainfall.According to an author jonathan wiener of The Next One Hundred every year 500,000 of water rise and fall between sky and ocean and it is believed that about 25,000cubic kilometer s will increase as a cause of global warming. The excessive amount of rain is expected to fall in areas where it is not mandatory, semitropic areas are probable to experience heavy rainfall and floods whereas temperate zones will face droughts. On irrelevant for countries like Canada warmer climate indicate extended growing seasons with comparatively more rainfall which will ensure improved crop outturn in many areas.However in Western Europe and California snow packs are estimated to melt soon bringing in more rainfall and river water especially in spring season leaving behind a drier weather for crops when required essentially. Birds and Animals Global warming is likely to affect the length of season, winters will become too short. This will dissymmetry the entire system and will greatly affect bird and animals as in winter birds hold up hide and definitely it will further disturb their feeding schedule and time particularly in young birds and the accessibility of food for t hought for them.Some animals consider climatic changes as a signal for migration or preparing themselves for other season but global warming will give rise to confusion in animals because of this chance of losing their migratory routes increases. Farmers The farmer plant seeds according to the season and nature of the crop keeping in mind the desired amount of rain necessary for its production as mentioned earlier that global warming enhances the probability of cyclones, droughts, thunderstorm and other natural disasters which heavily affect the yield production.Moreover, by climatic changes the seasons get affected and so the rainfall because of which it is hard to predict the sowing and harvesting timings of the crop. This will lead to the scarcity of food and will have hazardous effects on living lives and will create panic in the society. Species Due to global warming notess are getting extinct like golden toad and cloud have vanished and there is a great threat to number of o ther species to disappear as a result of global warming seeing that for many species cold weather is more conducive, hence global warming is creating trouble for their survival.a number of variation has been observed in animals as they respond importantly to warmer climate. Their behavior pattern shows that they have began to shift their population toward north and higher superlatives. A show was conducted in California on small fleet and approximately 150 areas were catered, study showed that the number of butterfly decreased in southern region as compared to northern regions which proves that butterfly prefer cooler zones. Increase in DiseasesAs of global warming numerous diseases have emerged, they are the product of amplified temperature because bacteria can live better in an elevated temperature and also multiplies easily in favorable conditions like mosquito production have increased which in turn add to malaria disease due to this global warming. Now we can well imagine ho w dangerous this global warming could be? We are gathered around so many diseases which are nothing but simply an effect of global warming and we are unmindful(predicate) of the fact that our live is also endangered.If it continues to happen the life expectancy will decrease and death rate is estimated to double up to 300,000 deaths per year within 25 years particularly in high altitude regions. Effect on Vegetation Global warming will also affect the availability of plant life on the earth surface like tundra plant life is soon expected to alter to temperate, cold and cone-bearing forest and woody type of forest will increase as a reason of increased precipitation. Hence there will be a drastic change in the variety of vegetation available in an area and this is expected to bring a change in inhabitant of that area.Effect on oceanic life Marine life is very much sensitive to the changes, changes in climate sea level and length of the seasons stamp an adverse affect on these in nocent lives. A measure was conducted to check the responsiveness of marine live to the changes in water level and it was found that many of the marine species tend to disappear or die due to increase in water surface, few of the specie for whom warm water is favorable their population can strike gigantic levels. Most threaten changes are predictable to reflect in coral reefs and they are probable to die off.This melting of polar ice will end up harming many animals. Acidified water Oceans all around the world absorb carbon dioxide produced by all living organism, burning of fossils and through all other adult male activities that gather on the bed for the formation of limestone or chalk. It is said that oceans have observed 50% of all carbon dioxide evolved from human activities ever since 1800.Carbon dioxide when combined with water forms a weak acid called carbonic acid and green house gases have said to lower the PH ( acidity) of water by 0. 1to8.2 units on a 14 points scale a nd it is expected to decline further by 0. 5 by 2100. Increased acidification will have an injurious affects on corals and other marine lives especially ones with calcium carbonate shells, and also in the upbringing of fishes and their food planktons.References.Glaciers Melting and Species Extinction. mht Global warming Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. mht http//www. rpi. edu/ngok/Global%20Warming/effects. html http//www. sierraclub. org/energy/articles/glacier. asp http//www. effectofglobalwarming. com/ http//www. bloggernews. web/1749

Pros and Cons Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons Essay1) thermo thermonuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of green house gases and therefore the region of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little. Between mining the uranium, refining and enriching fuel, and lastly to building and operating the plant, a big 1,250 250-megawatt nuclear facility wee-wees an estimated 250,000 tons of carbon dioxide during its lifetime. In contrast, coal-fired plants produce close to 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide every year in the U. S. alone period also emitting lots of other pollution soot that causes lung diseases sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that cause smog and loony toons rain and mercury that contaminates fish. In fact, coal kills 4000 times as many people as nuclear power, according to one analysis.2) It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical null in one single plant.3) This technology is readily available.Disadv antages1) Uranium Waste- The chief danger lies with the mining waste it contains radium, which is passing radioactive. Radon gas (one of the products that occur after radium undergoes radioactive decay) can expose workers and nearby and nearby communities to an array of health risks like lung cancer, bone cancer and lymphoma.2) The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium, which is a scarce resource. Its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand.3) Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could be like targets for terrorist attacks.4) Risk of Catastrophe- Fukushima has joined Three Mile Island and Chernobyl in the vocabulary of dangerous nuclear mishaps. The explosion at Chernobyls nuclear plant in the Ukraine showed how nuclear energy could just as easily set aside us as it nurtures our everyday needs.While nuclear power would allow Singapore to achieve energy self sufficiency, the risks and

Ophelia can be viewed as an insignificant minor character Essay Example for Free

Ophelia can be viewed as an insignificant minor grapheme EssayOphelia can be viewed as an insignificant minor character in the play by means of with(predicate) the way she is apply as an unwitting pawn in schemes of those who have control over her, as revealed in mo 2 Scene 2 where Polonius says I will complimentary my daughter to him when he and Claudius plan how they will test small towns madness. The word loose objectifies Ophelia, submiting her as an animal used as bait for Claudiuss own objectives spying on Hamlet. Ophelias character does not have a say in the matter, and through her absence in this severicular scene, Shakespeare is up to(p) to emphasise her insignificance in the play. Ophelias lack of appearance in the play similarly portrays her character as minor and insignificant, as Shakespeare only uses her character in 5 scenes. For the majority of these scenes, Ophelia has little contribution to the dialogue and her spoken lines are often responses to qu estions and commands by differents who dominate the play, for congressman in motivate 1 Scene 3 Ophelias responses are short in analogy to her fathers and companions dialogue, close of which contains instructions on how Ophelia is expected to act Do not believe his vowsLook tot I charge you. Come your ways. The use of imperatives in this scene show how Ophelia is dominated by others and is at that placefore cotton up her insignificance in the play. This is further portrayed in Ophelias responses, such as I shall obey, my Lord. The use of my Lord reveals her lacking(p) status and through minimalistic speech we are able to gain a sense of her unimportance to the treat of the play. Another way in which Ophelia may be viewed as insignificant is in her marriage prospects.Her brother Laertes, who fires that she is not nigh(a) enough for Hamlet, condemns her relationship with Hamlet, who tells her to regard Hamlets love as something unlikely to last and potentially dangerous F ear it my dear sister. Hamlet is a prince and therefore Ophelias status makes her inferior in comparison and as a result, an unsuitable wife. Both her brother and father tell Ophelia how to behave, for example Polonius instructs Ophelia to spend less(prenominal) time with Hamlet Be something scanter of your maiden presence.This dominance over Ophelia, as well as her subservience, over again presents her of an insignificant status in the play. Ophelia does not say or do anything to indicate she is unhappy active the instructions given to her by her brother or father. However, another interpretation of Ophelias subservience is that obedience is a role she plays. She is expected to act as a loyal daughter and responses such as that as you did command suggest she is carrying out orders to supporting her father content.Shakespeare reveals a weak Ophelia in Act 4 Scene 5 in which she is in a state of madness, through her songs about finish, loony bin and unrequited love. The poignan cy of her songs (He is dead and gone lady, he is dead and gone) as well as the reactions of other characters (Alas sweet lady), induce a piteous reactions, allowing the sense of hearing to sympathise with a character who has become so weak it has led to madness. In contrast to her minimalistic speech, in Act 1 Scene 3, Ophelia has dominated the speech.This may suggest that Ophelias character is only of significance when she is in a state of madness. The taboo nature of her songs reveals a character stepping out of the bounds of her social status and this contrasts to how her father has ordered her to act. The death of Polonius may be a cause of Ophelias madness and this is evident when Claudius says Oh this is the poison of deep grief it springs all from her fathers death.This may suggest that Ophelia becomes weak without the presence of the dominant male authority. Her father is dead, her brother is absent from the country and she has been rejected by Hamlet without them Ophelia c ollapses. Shakespeare presents Ophelia as weak in Act 4 Scene 7 where she is unable to save up herself As one incapable of her own distress. The suggestion that Ophelia has committed suicide may have been used by Shakespeare to imply that Ophelias weak state did not allow her to go on living.Shakespeare uses Ophelias character to portray many aspects of Hamlets character, for example Shakespeare is able to reveal Hamlets capability of staggering cruelty through his treatment of Ophelia in the nunnery scene. Shakespeare presents this cruelty through the use of brutal commands and insults such as Get thee to a nunnery. In Act 2 Scene 1 Ophelia presents herself as a victim of Hamlets rough treatment He took me by the wrist, and held me hard, revealing Hamlets capability of cruelty.There is also evidence of Hamlets cruelty when he embarrasses Ophelia in public, asking her Do you call in I meant country matters? Hamlets wit enables him to belittle or mock other characters and the circ umstance that there is little sign of Ophelias character pay backs the idea that she is a minor character. Another thing that is revealed about Hamlet through Ophelia is Hamlets judgment of women. In the nunnery scene, Hamlet accuses Ophelia You jig, you amble, and you lisp, you nickname Gods creatures, and your make your wantonness your ignorance, revealing his disgust towards women.Shakespeare lists the deceptions to reinforce Hamlets repugnance towards the women in his life. Once again Shakespeare has revealed Hamlets feelings through his words to Ophelia. Ophelias character is also used to portray ideas about other characters, for example when handing out flowers to other characters, Shakespeare develops ideas about the nature of other characters through the type of flower that Ophelia gives to them. For example, one of the flowers she gives out is a daisy, which represents deception an act that could be linked to Claudiuss character.By doing this, Shakespeare is utilize Oph elia in this scene to indirectly criticise the characters, and the connotations associated with the various flowers would be widely understood by the audience in Shakespeares day. It could be argued that Ophelia is chiefly interesting for reasons other than what she reveals about Hamlet, for example Ophelia is important in the expressive style in which she illuminates discussion of some of the plays central themes, one of which is the oppression of women in society. Shakespeare presents Ophelia as oppressed through her lack of opinion and contribution in the play.The mere fact that she can be viewed as insignificant shows the audience that Ophelia is oppressed by male authority in the family. Polonius tells Ophelia that she speaks like a green girl, implying that she is nai ve, and this comes crosswise to the audience as patronising. The alliteration of green girl emphasises Poloniuss condescending tone. By belittling Ophelia, he is able to gain control of the conversation. Ophelia is told to think herself a baby, suggesting that she is constrained from using her own mind and must heed the orders given to her.Ophelias character is presented as one with no point of view as she says I do not know my Lord what I should think. Through statements such as this, Shakespeare reveals an oppressed Ophelia who is unable to think for herself due to the strict control by men in her life. The fact that Ophelia is being used as a pawn in mens political affairs is also a sign that she is being oppressed. When Polonius offers to loose Ophelia, he is taking advantage of her by offering her as a service without her consent.This also portrays Ophelia as a possession that belongs to Polonius. On the other hand, it could be argued that Ophelias character is not oppressed, but in fact in need of male control. In Act 1 Scene 3 Ophelia says I shall theffect of this good lesson keep as watchman to my heart. The use of good implies that the advice is necessary for Ophelias well being and is taken on by her with a positive attitude. When asked by Laertes to remember what she has been told, Ophelia responds by saying Tis in my memory locked, and you yourself shall keep the key of it. This statement also shows Ophelia is willing to take on her brothers advice. This argument can be back up by the idea that Ophelia collapses without her father or brother, and that she in fact benefits by being in their command. Ophelia is also significant as her character is crucial for the plot and setting the scene in the play, for example, in part it is her death that motivates Laertes to take revenge on Hamlet. Another example of the importance of Ophelia in the plot is that her death is used by Shakespeare as a catalyst for confrontation between Hamlet and Laertes.

Case Study of Week Essay Example for Free

Case Study of Week EssayAnalysis of the guide is most suitable for Kinkead. The reason is based on the case, electricity meters (EM), power tools (EI) products for customers to perform the same radical function. So their alternatives, so it needs to calculate a gross revenue combined mutations template, template B did non provide this data. type B purpose According to the relationship between the BCG matrix, analysis of grocery persona and market growth.First, for the EM 499 286 According to Table, the sectionalisation of the size of the market is unfavorable, the size of the market because their work out is 800000, simply the developed market size of 650000, it does not implement the expectations. The EM market sh ar digression to 0, with 10% of the actual and budgeted position, it will not change. Therefore, they are a cash cow. Therefore, EM is the Cash Cow. Additionally, the Kinkead has been a lede Australia firm, and EM is the older that still dominant techno logy.Followed by EI table EI of the variance of the size of the market for 374,464 budgets, the size of the market for 250,000, lower than the actual market size of 363,500, to a greater extent than expected. The market share variance is 241,321 Unfavorable which has decrease from 10% to 8%. Therefore, EI question mark. In addition, EI technology is new, or experiment. EIs future is uncertain. Part C Answer They seek cash cow product strategy, so at that place are cardinal aspects of the important aspects of the performance, EM, overcome production costs and addition market share.More particularly, their market share of the difference does not change, which means it is a mature stage, and manufacturing has been standardized. So the company should take some new measures to reduce production costs. Secondly, the company should increase their market share, such as increased management fees. EI use of labeling strategies, there are three aspects of performance is very important to the EI. The archetypal is the R D performance they should increase R D costs continue to research new technologies for enterprises to create more profits in the future.Followed by market share, companies need to increase their market share of the product EI, because it is the mark phase of the problem, the future is uncertain. Thus, increasing its market share will change in the future star. Finally, production and sales is alike very important, EI, because only effective production, to meet customer demand, increase the number of sales. Part D Answer Assessment of the electromagnetic properties of the first actual sale price of $ 29, less than the standard price of $ 30, exclusively only sold 65,000 units lower than planned sales of 80,000 units.There are two reasons led to this situation, first of all is their total market demand has been shrinking. Second, the actual sales committee EM is only $ 1, but the EI commission is $ 14. 9, which could lead salespeople do not want t o sell the product. To evaluate the EI performance, the first problem is underpriced. Although the actual selling price is $153 which is higher than $150, the sale volume is 29,000 units which is large than budget 25,000 units.Secondly, although the size of the market from EI budget increase 250,000 units 362,500 units, the EI market share is not meet expectations, it has dropped from 10% to 8%. This means that the performance of the EI play along is not satisfied. Third, the staff may lack experience, because the actual manufacturing cost is $ 42. 1, higher than the standard $ 40. Finally, from a stubborn cost analysis can be found, $ 121,000 of costs and unfavorable actual production costs are higher than the planned $ 11,000, from $ 1,388,000 to $ 1,399,000. Therefore, enterprises should improve production efficiency.On the other hand, the overall performance of EM and EI, and a profit of $ 51,000, cost of sales decreased $ 5,000 plans to invest $ 250,000 of the actual value of $ 245,000. The sales potpourri variance data can be found, there are more people choose EI, because the EI sales mix variance is $ 1,789,714 EM sales mix variance is $ 1,253, 571 should not be. The reason may be that the sales staff did not want to sell products EM, actual sales commission EI is 14. 9 dollars, but the commission is only $ 1. Second, EI is a new product and new technology, which will attract more customers to buy and more popular than the old.

A US Perspective Essay Example for Free

A US Perspective EssayWith a total import of 6926. 2 million dollars in December 2008, the US is arguably the track player in the global textile sedulousness (US Government, 2009). China is one of USAs leading partners in ensuring that the textile constancy develops. The textile industry has in the past years been displaying positive increase except for the 2007-2008 period when the level overall imports dropped by 3685 million dollars (US Government, 2009).Developing an understanding of the dynamics that furbish up the textile industry is important in ensuring that this sector is sustained due to the important role it plays in ensuring that US nationals are clothed and scotch development. It is apparent that if the trends are not corrected the US sparing may be negatively affected. Demand in the US clothing industry is affected by a large number of factors deep down sits social and economic environment. Though the US records considerably start levels of birth rate, imm igration greatly affects the levels of creation growth rate.Due to clothing being a staple fiber need, the textile industry is affected by the levels of population growth. Demographics though dependent on culture and regular(a) the levels of educational attainment are affected by existing legal systems and political policies that are in place. The US governments failure to deal with illegal immigration may increase the pressure that the textile industry faces in meeting senior high contract for clothing. Clothing and lifestyle are two factors that display high levels of correlation (Nordstrom, 2007).Trends in clothing that may be affected by the levels of economic empowerment, the prevailing economic conditions, fashions and dynamics within the society for instance short term preferences all affect crave within the clothing industry. Seasonal factors for instance weather pattern greatly affect specific clothing that is in demand. The effects of climatic patterns are an importa nt factor that even supersedes fashion in determining demand for clothing.It is therefore apparent that the political, social, legal and even technological environment relayed through fashion affect demand for clothing in the US. The textile industry is bray intensive and success is dependent on not only ability to organize internal inputs but also availability of required resources (Plunkett, 2008). The toll of labor in nations wish China is unkepter than in US which is one of the key reasons as to wherefore the US imports clothing (Rofel, 2007).another(prenominal) reason for importing clothing is availability or raw worldly especially natural frameworks cotton, wool and silk are readily available in nations like Turkey than in the US though it produces some of these materials (Rofel, 2007). Due to the drop that has been experienced in textile imports, it is logical to take an increase in internal production especially in non synthetic fabric. Moreover, designing as a segmen t in the clothing industry will continue growing due to the role compete by fashion in determining the nature of demand in the clothing industry.Natural fabric and low cost clothing segments however will still continue relying on imports due to low availability of raw materials in the US and the need to create a cost advantage that is lively to ensuring affordable clothing. A look at data derived from the textile industry clearly shows that nearly 70% of the nations that export textile to the US are Asian (US Government, 2009). This can be explained by the low cost of labor in such nations and the close bilateral relationship between Asian nations and the US (Taylor, 2008).Another important trend is the general increase in textile imports this can be explained by population growth experienced in the US. On the contrary, recent poor performance can be damned on the negative trends that were displayed by the US economy in late 2007 and early 2008 that may curb reduced investor con fidence (Taylor, 2008). The US is clearly dependent on other nations for its clothing and textile ineluctably which may negatively affect its internal potential to develop its textile industry. However, high level segments like designing have come up as beneficiaries in the considerably long textile industry chain.It is evident that by importing textile more entities or industries gain than if the US heavily relied on its internal ability. This universal gain is important in ensuring sustainable economic development.ReferencesNordstrom, C. (2007). Global outlaws crime, money, and power in the contemporary world. Santa Barbara, CA University of California Press. Plunkett, J. W. (2008). Plunketts Apparel Textiles Industry Almanac 2008 Apparel Textiles Industry Market Research, Statistics, Trends principal Companies.Houston, TX Plunkett Research, Ltd. Rofel, L. (2007). Desiring China experiments in neoliberalism, sexuality, and public culture. New York, NY Duke University Press. T aylor, M. (2008). Global economy contested power and conflict crossways the international division of labor London Taylor Francis. US Government (2009). U. S. Imports of Textiles, Textile Products and Apparel, crystallize Trading Partners Top Countries based on current month. Retrieved 30 June 2009 from http//www. census. gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/sreport/country. txt

Employment Relations Essay Example for Free

Employment traffic EssayIntroductionThis melodic phrase leave behind discuss the two different management glide slopees towards to the recent industrial sue taken against tot up permit and identify what differentiate the two approaches. The second part of the essay will provide an argument of how applying these approaches from the upper management could potentially change the outcome of the industrial transaction against land Lease.BodyPluralist approachThe characteristic of pluralist approach is to satisfy various interests and aspirations within their employees. The organization precedent was diffused among the main negotiating groups within the comp either in such(prenominal) a way that no any party will dominate others. Pluralism approach is open about employment relationships as it allows the creation of a potential structural opposition to be raised, as well as allows the workplace to generate authentic conflicts with the organization. By doing so, it will preve nt public interest conflict as well as to mortify the inappropriate use of power from the upper management.However, the weakness of pluralist approach is that it relies on the negotiation and bargaining demonstrate when there are disputes incurred amongst the management and the workforce, if in the event of the dispute cannot be resolved it will resorts to the use of law.Management in pluralist approach should not prohibit any ideas or expectations of blind bow from the employees. Their goal is to reconcile conflicting views and keep the conflict within an acceptable range, so the conflict does not place down the organization.Unitarist approachThe characteristic of unitarist approach are regarded that the whole organization shares a common purport and are united in the achievement of common goal. The role of management in unitarist approach has the susceptibility to provide leadership and expected to contribute wide communications, while employees should be loyal to the org anization and to bear out the work organised by management as directed.Worker joints are considered competitive and is believed to destroy the loyalty and the commitments of the employees hence it is not welcomed by the managements.However, the weakness of unitarist approach is that it fails to recognise the needs of different interests between employees, and assumed that decisions made by managements are rational and contain within the interest of all employees.Unitarist approach believes that conflicts in the workplace is not inherent, in fact, it is a communication failure between the organization and the employees. For example, on the 24th July, the workers for Lend Lease has decided to walk off the site and start the 48 hours film after the breakdown in the negosiation of better pay and condition. This shows that the employees are not accepting how the managements lack of awareness of their needs.On the 25th July, ACTU published a media release stating the issues between Le nd Lease and its employees, and suggested that Lend Lease should consider a fair working environment and pay for its contractors and sub-contractors, given that Lend Lease has made almost half a million worth of profits last course of study but failed to provide a fair working condition to its workers. This media release shows that the Union are move to attract social awareness by publishing public release and in the hope of forcing Lend Lease to re-negotiate their terms.On the 27th July, CFMEU has escalated the issue to a national level and the Union has set up a picket at the Barangaroo construction site. This action has caused Lend lease sites in lockdown across the country, as stated by one of the employee Brain Parker The company is not currently bargaining in good faithThe above event shows that if Lend Lease has followed the pluralist approach, the action may be able to be under control as Lend Lease will act by considering the words and the issues locomote between the man agement and the employees and can act accordingly to the issue.However, according to the examples shown, Lend Lease seems to have been adjacent the unitarist approach which has in fact, escalated the conflicts between the management and their employees as shown in the article published by one thousand Left. The article mentioned that Lend Lease did not made a sincere approach to the negotiation and offered something that the Union consider as a joke which did not loosen the tension but added more stress on top of it.Identify which one of the approaches provides the better explanation. Explain your reasoning.Based on the industrial action that has been taken against Lend Lease, it shows that Lend Lease was first using the Unitarist approach to their employees by not ordain to negotiate with their new proposal. This has than created an enormous negative impact on both the social and the company as the projects were likely being delayed due to the industrial actions.ConclusionIn con clusion, Lend Lease would have been able to avoid the industrial actions by having a dynamic management approach on their worker base on different situation. This essay shows how in appropriate management style could create such impact on both the social media and the company itself.

Security and Privacy Essay Example for Free

Security and silence EssayIntroduction personal identity stealth is becoming very(prenominal) easy due to technological advancements. protect patient knowledge must entangle all efforts from aesculapian facilities, employees, and consumers. Society has the right to be defend from either misuse of personal info. An effective protective program starts with front-end forecloseive safeguards and ends with follow-through that reaches wherever nonsensical information has flowed Identity theft has become a very popular topic for the past go or so, the number of complaints has increased and is costing more than anyone wants to be spending on that issue. The Federal traffic commission estimates that as many as nine million Americans have their individuality stolen each year, resulting in over 50 billion dollars of financial loss (Mercuri, 2006). Very common on Television to visualise news and commercials warning or so identity theft or some bon ton trying to make do thei r services, helping in the fight to veto it. In this paper, there will be discussions on the disadvantages of the look into in privacy dealing with identity theft and on possible action excogitate to prevent the incident.What ar your Reactions?Identity theft is a fraud that occurs when one identity is taken away and use in order to tuck services or something usually of financial nature. Criminal identity theft occurs when a victims name, address, and mostly social security number is used by a different individual other than the actual owner. Oftentimes, the imposter would obtain that information from someone with access to a data bank where personal information is stored it may be a hospital, social security department, company that collects data for the purpose of providing financial services. The information may be sold and used to open accounts, gain access to services fraudulently, which the actual owner, a victim of the theft will be charged for. though many have tried to find ways to prevent and fight that kind of invasion of privacy, it stiff an issue and a very expensive one. Identity theft is the fastest growing crime in United States it affects 13 persons per minute, 799 per hour, or 19,178 per day (Mercuri, 2006).When it comes to personal identity theft, elaborate steps must be taken to repair identity, all creditors and banks must be contacted in order to freeze accounts and limit the traumas. some(prenominal) financial activities that were non approved should be reversed and inquired and any opened accounts closed. New identification card game should be provided, depending on the extent of the situation legal counseling may be necessary. Whichever way it happens, identity theft remains a burden for all non only individuals, but also for companies who scat the burden of screening employees in order to protect their customers from such occurrence. No one would welcome such calamity, not only the loss of privacy, the financial burden, but more so the trauma of not being able to prevent it completely.What are the Disadvantages of the Break in seclusion?The disadvantages of the crush in privacy are for the hospital as intumesce as the victims. Big corporations are kept accountable for all data collected from their clients and are liable for any misuse of that information no matter the use. Personal information are trusted to be used for an individual benefits in the help securing a service it should not be sold or used without consent for others benefits. Once information has been compromised, it is the duty of the corporation which allows the dissolve to occur to remedy the problem. Remediation can be very costly, the company is liable for the break, cause outline is necessary to find the leak and establish preventive measures. Which bear upons retraining personnel and maybe adding more doing the hiring, break down screening process make all(prenominal) one accountable for work involvement. It is a costly p rocess but necessary. It is a federal offense and as an HIPAA violation all perpetrators will be fined, it is a mandate. Victims of identity fraud bear the burden of regaining their identity and find any measure to prevent future occurrence.Such fraud creates a financial burden, all major federal instutions such as social security department, internal revenue services, banks and creditors must be informed of the fraudulent act in the lead identity can be restored. All activities under the victim name must be corroborate and investigated, that will require to work with the fraud departments of all banks where accountswas opened or compromised. It can be very costly not only to restore identity, but also mostly once the damages are discovered it will take a lot of time and money to correct the wrong done. The federal trade commission must be contacted they collect information that is shared with law enforcement agency investigation identity fraud. Consumer Credit reporting agencies must be informed and a credit reports requested to investigate whether the victim history has been compromised.The motor vehicle and passport agency must be contacted as well, in such a case all possible areas must investigated for possible damages. It takes time and resources to correct break in privacy. Medical identity theft may be very difficult to discover, an individual my not have any idea that he or she has been the victim until late and the damages result in a mounts of debts and loss of revenue for providers and insurers. One victim hired an attorney to sort out the damage to her records. She avoided the hospital where the identity thief was treated, because of the inaccuracies in her health record as a result of the medical identity theft (AHIMA, 2008).What are the Possible Actions Plans to prevent the Incident?Preventing any incident requires individuals as well as corporations to be very diligent in safeguarding personal data. It requires a team effort on the part of a ll parties, corporations must be willing to put in mail service the necessary resources in the respect, although the first line of defense rest with the individuals seeking services. Some of the preventive measures include, but not particular(a) to Share personal and health insurance information only with trusted providers. * Monitor the explanation of benefits acquire from insurers and obtaining a summary of all the benefits paid in the patients or guarantors name. * Question free medical services or treatments. Individuals should always question what is being offered and who is paying the cost. If not satisfied with the answers, they should decline the offer. * Protect health insurance information. Individuals should safeguard insurance cards, explanation of benefits, and health plan correspondence in the same way they would safeguard credit cards. * Obtain and maintaining personal health records that include copies of significant health information from each healthcare provide r (OBrien, 2008).Furthermore it is very important that every hospitals or anycorporations having access to individuals personal data, to empower every consumer to be very diligent about personal data. It is necessary educate the public about the threat of identity theft. Increase awareness of the consequences and cake measures. Institute sophisticated security monitoring measures and implement a broadly accepted, executive-supported information security exact for effective security policy and governance (American health Management Association, AHIMA, 2008). HIPAA rules require that a risk abbreviation of any system be conducted that would address administrative, technical and physical safeguards.HIPAA security rule does not point on technology but administration (American Health Management Association, AHIMA, AHIMA, 2008). It requires that any data collected of consumers be protected according to its security rule. Corporations must develop guidelines that protect consumers, bu t also that would minimize employees incidents of mismanagement of data. The process should start from hiring, to training and setting up steps that would raise red flags with any questionable occurrence.ConclusionMedical identity theft is becoming very complex and must involve the effort of all consumers, providers and insurers to battle and prevent occurrences. Consumer involvement is very important and necessary, they must be do aware of the threat to their privacy and educate on ways to prevent any occurrence. The public deserves to be protected from any mismanagement of personal data, it incumbents on every corporation to put in place process that safeguards all data collected. An effective protective program starts with front-end preventive safeguards and ends with follow-through that reaches wherever false information has flowed (American Health Management Association, AHIMA, 2008).ReferencesAmerican Health Management Association, AHIMA. Online, On Message, On Duty Privacy Experts Share Their Challenges. April 2008. Available online in the FORE Library HIM Body of Knowledge at www.ahima.org. American Health Management Association, AHIMA e-HIM Work Group on Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs). Using the SSN as a Patient Identifier. Journal of AHIMA 77, no. 3 (Mar. 2006) 56AD. Retrieved from www.ahima.orgMercuri, R. T. (2006, June). Security Watch Scoping identity theft. Communications of the ACM, Retrieved from www.citeseerx.ist.psu.edu OBrien, Jenny. Responding to Identity Theft One Organizations Effort to Turn a Negative Event into a Positive Result. Journal of AHIMA 79, no. 4 (Apr. 2008) 4041. Retrieved from www.ahima.org

Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century Essay Example for Free

Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late eighteenth Century stressLearning is atomic number 53 of important processes in human being life. It is self-evident that human development cannot theme without a proper erudition. Since Learning provides unlimited Benefits, quite a little should learn and experience it. The Reading is being reimagined over the time occlusion. Ill discuss about it belatedlyr in this section. There argon several ways that promotes Learning such as Books, electronic hold ins, Movies, Periodicals such as Magazine, journals or Newspapers and Audio/Visual clips. nowa solar days Libraries plays a critical role on keeping the Books alive due to the invention Mass media communications. Ill talk further about this later in this section. Lets take a contiguous look about Books. The book is one of the valu equal to(p) sources of knowledge that provided numerous benefits, such benefits are it takes us into diffe stock split worlds and cultures an d it helps to learn other languages as well. So, we can tell that a book can be a truthful friend which helps to learn how to be fox in practical life. Books cover different genres such as Comedy, Drama, Romance, Adventure, fabrication etc. Director General of UNESCO addressed 1972 as the International Book course and taking Booking for all as their Motto.UNESCO organizes a y wee event called World Book day or International Day of the book on 23th April every year worldwide to promote Reading, issue and Copyright. So we can understand How Important it is Reading in a life of Mankind. It was runner famous on 23th April 1995. Writing believed to be developed between the 7th millenary BC and 4th millennium BC in china. Ancient people used to write using stones but wood was the commencement exercise medium to write in the actual form of Book. From time to Time, the new technology inventions played spanking part in the World.The Cambridge University Press was founded in 1534 and t he first book was printed in 1583. Also the first mechanical press was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts one of the North American British colonies in the year of Year 1639. therefore first North American Public library was founded in Boston in the year of 1653. eighteenth Century Americans were mainly interested in practice books about practical arts, religious and the politics as well. American does have a long tradition on reading habits since long back. Thus they are proved to be improved in vocal, public expressions both towards and against doneout reading skills.Novels are the entertain seldom read by Americans in the 18th century. The nations first novel was publish in the late 18th century. The first two novels to be published were Digges Adventure of Alonso and Browns The power of Sympathy. Women were also contributed to the success of Novels, Such writers were Susuana Rowson for her novel Charlotte A tale of truth. This bellybutton was re-issued under the title of C harlotte Temple, which sold more than million and half copies. The growth of novel reading grew apace towards the end of the year 1750.The main reason for the growth of novel readers was the rapid growth of the source of book materials such as book seller, public library and lending library. An average person was able to bring forth their reading materials from booksellers, public libraries as well through lending libraries which were a cheaper option since they were able to rent the books for a small fee. Due to the vast number of readers between the year 1773 and 1798 the number of book commerce companies as well as the number of public libraries grew rapidly at faster vagabond than the change magnitude population.While the population doubled in the period of 1790s, the numbers of the circulating libraries were tripled. So in the late 18th century, the circulation libraries played a huge influence placing reading interest among the American public. Social libraries were able to expand their firms by joining the book selling companies and they were able to purchase and loan the books for a land rate. By the year of 1790, books were the main source of entertainment, information and literature for an average person.According to the catalogues of the sellers, the percentage of fiction readers increase by nine percent between 1754 to 1765 and increased to thirteen percent between 1791 to 1800. circulate Library catalogues contained fifty-eight percent fiction by the year of 1800 which was laid-backer compared (twenty-eight percent) to the early 18th century. though the books were little expensive at that period, the people were able to join in the circulating libraries for lower rate which is another proof that people were encouraged to read during this century.During the late 18th century, the book sellers showed interest requesting novels from their suppliers. As an example Robert Ben Winans (1975) states that In 1801, a bookseller in North Carolina wro te to his supplier requesting that Mr. Carey will be so compel as to send as many of the Novels as he procure it will be in return our interest to keep a good collection, as the good folks her love light reading. This letter accompanied an order called a -typical order of the period about 1800, which listed sixty-three books every one of them a novel. (The Growth of a Novel-Reading Public in Late-Eighteenth-Century America. Early American Literature. Vol. 9. No. 3 (Winter, 1975) 267-275. Print). This is a proof that tells the novels were read by rapidly growing people in the late 18th century. This period is described as Novel reading age. I strongly believe that books today have been replaced by other forms of mass communication such as Media, newspaper and magazine, electronic network. Though there were so many significant political, economic developments redesigned the new world, the dramatic and unprecedented centralization of the countries and their expansion, regulations an d professionalization of the state forces are still appreciable.Every time a new invention strikes in mass communications, obviously the books had to compete with that invention. The first American newspaper called Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick published in early 18th century. During the early 18th century, the weekly Newspapers acted as the means of carrying of intercolonial news and also the newspapers carried war news at that period . So people were interested in reading newspapers than Books at that period. Then the industrial era started from the 19th century initially with the telegraph applications.The first African-American newspaper was published in 1827 called the Freedoms Journal. Also this has been followed by the inventions such as magazines, telegraph, printers, phonograph, postal discounted rates, photographic films and radio were in particular. So the century that belongs to the industrial diversity start for the mass media that affected the book s and readers. Since the radio, television and movie inventions in the early 1900s, the information had started passing through voice than text form. People started feeling that listening to audio frequency is more comfortable than reading.In 1980, first online newspaper was published on web . From time moves on, the physical form of book transformed in intangible form of text due the new inventions in this world. During the late 1980s, Information has transformed to digitalized trend and the revolution of Computer started striking the world. People believed that physically storing information was not safe, so they started storing information in digital code. In 1985, Voyagar Company stored books in CD-ROM which was the first step to the era of eBook. From then onwards, the learning has come to digital manner.Then the biggest bang to the book gross sales was the invention of the World Wide Web in the year of 1991. Then the first online blog was published in the year of 1997. Due to high volume of readers, authors showed an interest in writing online blogs. Convergence of Media (Video and Audio) introduced in the later 1990s. For example-We can give ear presidential debates live on YouTube. So the information can be stored as Video or audio forms as well than the text form. Google has announced the Google Library Project which is digitalization of books in 2005. nowadays libraries are playing an important role in preserving the books for the next generation. It is self-evident that physically books cant long last because of the material and size. It is good in a way that if we store information in digital code it can long last than physically storing in a book. This generation people show interest in reading/learning, just the sales of the eBooks readers, pdf readers are the proofs. If we look into Amazon. com, we can turn over tons of EBooks and they also sell books as well.If we want, we can download the eBook instantly or else we have to clasp till the y ship it. Though the form of text (book) has changed due to new inventions, but the rate of readers has increased in the world. Earlier we had only text form but now we do have text, audio and video form as well. Nowadays people look for a better ways. I would enjoin storing an eBook is far more convenient than carrying a book (physical book). Though the new innovation impacted the sales of the books (physical form), its good for the next generation to preserve the valuable information.